January 15, 2022 Tsunami: Tonga Islands

DeathsInjuriesTsunami Damages ($ m)Tonga414101.28*New Zealand 3.973Fiji YesPeru2 YesJapan 3YesChile YesMexico Yes (very minor)Canada Yes (very minor)U.S. (CA) 310U.S. (Hawaii) 3.32 Oahu

0.075 Hawaii Is*Ref #13167 states 80% [$16.72 m] of total agriculture damage [$20.9 m] from volcanic impact (some areas affected by both the tsunami and volcanic ashfall).

Ref #13107:

2 fatalities in Peru, in Japan authorities reported evacuations and 2 injured

Ref #13144:

spill of over 10,000 barrels has caused widespread environmental damage, [off the coast of Lima, Jan. 15]

Ref #13108, 13122, 13149:

[...] all houses were destroyed on Mango island; only 2 houses remain on Fonoifua island with extensive damage on Nomuka island. [...] Parts of the western side of Tongatapu including Kanokupolu (21 houses were completely damaged, 35 severely damaged) [...] In the central district, Kolomotu'a reported 8 houses completely damaged and 20 severely damaged. The island of 'Eua has also reported 2 houses completely damaged and 45 severely damaged [...] There were 8 reported injuries on Nomuka Island, 4 minor injuries on Fonoi Island and 2 minor injuries on Tungua Island.

These comprehensive satellite-derived analysis covered 98 per cent of the landmass, identifying 2,935 buildings/structures with visible damages and 463 road/bridge obstacles. Only four people have been confirmed dead and 14 people injured. The Government reports that an estimated 84,800 people (84% of the total population of 101,000 people) have been affected by the ashfall and the tsunami rising up to 15 m.

Ref #13133:

number of people who died from the tsunami triggered by the Hungas volcanic eruption was now four […] a 65-year-old man, of Mango Island, was killed by the powerful waves. The other two were a British national as well as a 49-year-old woman from Nomuka Island.

Ref #13167:

$90.4 m estimated in direct damage [from tsunami & eruption] to Tonga. Around 600 structures in total, including at least 300 residential buildings, have been damaged or destroyed by the tsunami waves in Tonga (around half of these in Tongatapu Island, followed by ‘Eua, Fonoifua, Lifuka Mango and Tafisi islands)

Ref #1250:

$118 million damages in Tonga

Ref #13230: 5.93 m NZ dollars in costs in NZ

Ref #13247:

tsunami was driven by a constantly moving source in which the acoustic-gravity waves radiating from the eruption excite the ocean and transfer energy into it via resonance

Ref #13344:

a small tsunami source before the main eruption [...] plausible that the tsunami was generated by an earlier minor eruption and/or a submarine mass movement occurring between 04:00 and 04:05 UTC

Ref #14494:

sudden failures along ring faults and caldera subsidence caused the largest and most destructive volcanic tsunami recorded in the last 140 years […] caldera collapse produced a tsunami on nearby islands far larger than the major explosions

Note: Ref #13499 & #14494 lists 40+ m runup, no field validation to confirm

Note: time based on Ref #1053 main eruption