December 29, 1949 Tsunami: E. Luzon Island, Philippines
A tsunami caused by a magnitude 7.2 earthquake began at E. Luzon Island, Philippines on December 29, 1949 at 03:03:54 UTC. Its effects were recorded at 2 places. It killed 16 people, counting the earthquake or eruption that caused it.
Where the waves reached
The source (white) and every runup with a place, colored by the water height recorded there. A ring is a runup NCEI marks doubtful.
- Under 1 m
- 1 to 3 m
- 3 to 10 m
- 10 to 30 m
- 30 m and more
- Height not recorded
The tsunami
- Date
- December 29, 1949, 03:03:54 UTC
- Source
- E. Luzon Island, Philippines
- Cause
- Earthquake
- Earthquake
- Magnitude 7.2, 33 km deep
- Runups recorded
- 2
- Tsunami intensity (Soloviev-Imamura)
- 1.5
- Tsunami magnitude (Iida)
- 1
- Waters
- Ocean
- How certain
- Very doubtful tsunami
- Source location
- 17.000° N, 121.630° E
The toll
- Deaths
- 16
- Damage
- Moderate (about $1 to $5 million) with the earthquake or eruption that caused it
- Houses destroyed
- Some (about 51 to 100) with the earthquake or eruption that caused it
Where the literature gives no number, NCEI records a description on a scale of 1 to 4, printed here in its words. Damage is in millions of US dollars of the year of the event, not adjusted for inflation.
What the record says
NCEI’s account, from the sources it cites.
Reference #414:
1949, December 29, 11:05 (local time). The strongest earthquake since the Second World War occurred on the northeast of Luzon Island. It was felt all over the island.
Fifteen people died, the majority because several boats were sunk on the Cagayan River, and the rest were buried under the collapses of the steep shores of the river.
Near Mersedes, one person died in the tsunami waves.
Listed as Questionable tsunami
Reference #79:
1 death from the tsunami at Mercedes.
Reference #1187:
Major earthquake. Fifteen persons were officially reported to have been killed or missing as a result of the earthquakes. Most of these were drowned in the Cagayan River, caused by the capsizing of the canoes they were travelling in. Others were buried under river banks which collapsed while they fished under them.
Reference #10958:
This earthquake occurred at 11:03 AM on December 29, 1949. Based on the original PAGASA record, the epicenter was at 17.5 N lat and 121.5 E long. But Gutenberg and Richter (1954) relocated it to another point. This inland earthquake caused severe damage to Isabela province and some minor damage to Manila. It was felt strongly in the northern provinces of Cagayan, Nueva Ecija, Aurora, Ilocos, even in the province of Batanes and the cities of Baguio and Quezon. Fifteen people drowned in Cagayan River when their boat sank and the rest were buried by river slides. The big wave killed one person near Mercedes (Murphy and Ulrich, 1951b; Berninghausen, 1969). Murphy and Ulrich, 1954. Listed as a Seiche.
Reference #11367:
1 death from sea wave near Mercedes
Every runup
Nearest the source first. Heights are above sea level at the time; a tide gauge reads half the wave’s full height.
| Where | Country | Km from source | Water height, m | Inland, m | Measured by | First wave, UTC | Deaths |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cagayan River | Philippines | 146 | Other | 15 | |||
| Mercedes, Luzon | Philippines | 352 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 1 |
More
Every tsunami in 1949The 1900sTsunamis of PhilippinesThe earthquakeThis day in weather historyAlerts in force
Sources
Tsunami events and runups from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Hazard Database, cited as NCEI/WDS, doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Public domain. Read 2026-09-24. NCEI tsunami event 1802.