Tsunamis in 1906

January 31, 1906 Tsunami: Off Coast, Ecuador

January 31, 1906 · 5 m · 1,000 deaths · Definite tsunami

A tsunami caused by a magnitude 8.8 earthquake began at Off Coast, Ecuador on January 31, 1906 at 15:36:10 UTC. The water rose as high as 5 meters. Its effects were recorded at 59 places in at least 10 countries. It killed 1,000 people.

Where the waves reached

The source (white) and every runup with a place, colored by the water height recorded there. A ring is a runup NCEI marks doubtful.

  • Under 1 m
  • 1 to 3 m
  • 3 to 10 m
  • 10 to 30 m
  • 30 m and more
  • Height not recorded

Tsunami warnings in force

The tsunami

Date
January 31, 1906, 15:36:10 UTC
Source
Off Coast, Ecuador
Cause
Earthquake
Maximum water height
5 m (16.4 ft)
Runups recorded
59
Tsunami intensity (Soloviev-Imamura)
3
Tsunami magnitude (Iida)
1
Waters
Ocean
How certain
Definite tsunami
Source location
0.955° N, 79.369° W

The toll

Deaths
1,000
Damage
Severe (about $5 to $25 million)
Houses destroyed
Many (101 to 1,000)

Where the literature gives no number, NCEI records a description on a scale of 1 to 4, printed here in its words. Damage is in millions of US dollars of the year of the event, not adjusted for inflation.

What the record says

NCEI’s account, from the sources it cites.

Thirty minutes after the earthquake, the first tsunami wave was observed at Tumaco, Colombia. The tsunami was observed along the entire coast of Central America, in Mexico, and California. The tsunami reached Hilo approximately 12.5 hours after the earthquake and the coast of Japan in 19.5 hours.

1906. A tsunami fell on the beach at Los Negros.

[Apparently, this relates to the Colombian-Ecuador tsunami of January 31, 1906.]

The tsunami was most destructive on the low-lying coast from Rioverde [Ecuador] to Micay [Colombia]. Here all homes on the coast or in the estuarine parts of rivers were washed away; by various estimates 500-1500 persons died.

Strong seiches were generated on the northern (Atlantic) coast of Colombia.

(Above from reference #415)

Guayaquil, Ecuador. February 15.--The first shock of the earthquake which caused so much damage and loss of life in the province of Esmeraldas was felt at 10 o'clock on Jan. 31st, the disturbance continuing at short intervals until Feb. 6th. The inhabitants, panic-stricken, abandoned their homes and families and are still living in the open air, fearing a repetition of the shocks. In the neighborhood of Port Limon four small islands disappeared. These islands were inhabited by fishermen, who escaped in small boats, which they were at sea for three days, until the water became sufficiently calm to enable them to reach the mainland. The city of Esmeraldas was nearly inundated by a tidal wave which entered the port, flooding the principal streets. All the inhabitants ran for the mountains in the neighborhood. All the towns in the provinces of Esmeraldas and Manabi were greatly damaged. Most of the inhabitants are homeless. At the Colombian towns of Mosquera, San Juan and Domingoritz more than 300 persons perished. (reference #8876)

1906. High waves invaded Los Negritos Beach. A tsunami was observed on the beach at Los Negros. (reference #1402)

Colombia, Tumaco 5m; Guapi, height 1-2m, 49 houses destroyed. Hawaiian Is. Hilo 3.6m, ships damaged. Tsunami reached Japan, California, Costa Rica. (reference #150)

Every runup

Nearest the source first. Heights are above sea level at the time; a tide gauge reads half the wave’s full height.

WhereCountryKm from sourceWater height, mInland, mMeasured byFirst wave, UTCDeaths
EsmeraldasEcuador33Eyewitness observation of water height
Cabo ManglaresColombia87Eyewitness observation of water height
ChilbiColombia104Eyewitness observation of water height
Pindo IslandColombia108Eyewitness observation of water height
El BajitoColombia113Eyewitness observation of water height
TumacoColombia1205Eyewitness observation of water heightday 31, 16:05
TrujilloColombia124Eyewitness observation of water height
Salahonda and Morro-O-SalahondaColombia144Eyewitness observation of water height4
Hojas BlancasColombia151Eyewitness observation of water height10
BarbacoasColombia155Eyewitness observation of water height
San IgnacioColombia161Eyewitness observation of water height22
San JuanColombia175Eyewitness observation of water height149
CaballosColombia190Eyewitness observation of water height8
MosqueraColombia199Eyewitness observation of water height2
El CocoColombia209Eyewitness observation of water height
Bahia CaraquezEcuador2100.8Eyewitness observation of water height
Punta GuascamaColombia216Eyewitness observation of water height11
SanquiangaColombia220Eyewitness observation of water height12
La TolaColombia220Eyewitness observation of water height
MulatosColombia222Eyewitness observation of water height64
AmaralesColombia226Eyewitness observation of water height83
BoqueronesColombia231Eyewitness observation of water height48
Domingo OrtizColombia234Eyewitness observation of water height
GuapiColombia2431Eyewitness observation of water heightday 31, 16:17
QuirogaColombia252Eyewitness observation of water height32
CuervalColombia263Eyewitness observation of water height
TimbiquiColombia278Eyewitness observation of water height53
La CandelariaColombia303Eyewitness observation of water height
Boca GrandeColombia305Eyewitness observation of water height
MicayColombia308Eyewitness observation of water height100
GuayaquilEcuador352Eyewitness observation of water height
Rio VerdeEcuador391Eyewitness observation of water height
BuenaventuraColombia413Eyewitness observation of water height
San CarlosPanama835Eyewitness observation of water height
Naos Is, Canal Zone, Pacific CoastPanama8800.7Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height)
PanamaPanama886Eyewitness observation of water height
TarcolesCosta Rica1,138Eyewitness observation of water height
Barranca (Hacienda El Porvenir)Costa Rica1,160Eyewitness observation of water height
Boca BarrancaCosta Rica1,160Eyewitness observation of water height
Potrero BayCosta Rica1,266Eyewitness observation of water height
Los NegrosEl Salvador1,714Eyewitness observation of water height
San Diego, CA, CAUnited States5,2920.05Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height)
San Francisco, CA, CAUnited States6,0030.06Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height)
Port Simpson, British Columbia, BC doubtfulCanada7,529Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height)
Hilo, Hawaii, HI, HIUnited States8,4821.8Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height)day 1, 04:05
Kahului, Maui, HI, HIUnited States8,6380.3Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height)
Honolulu, Oahu, HI, HIUnited States8,7850.13Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height)day 1, 03:17
GisborneNew Zealand11,1720.6Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height)day 1, 18:00
HakodateJapan13,8040.17Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height)day 1, 10:59
AyukawaJapan13,9850.18Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height)day 1, 11:23
KushimotoJapan14,7210.24Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height)day 1, 12:02
HososhimaJapan15,0870.15Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height)day 1, 11:53
NagasakiJapan15,1850.14Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height)day 1, 13:08
FukahoriJapan15,1930.28Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height)
West CoastMexicoEyewitness observation of water height
CansaraColombiaEyewitness observation of water height2
VarelaColombiaEyewitness observation of water height9
N Atlantic Coast of ColombiaColombiaOther
El PinalColombiaEyewitness observation of water height

More

Every tsunami in 1906The 1900sTsunamis of EcuadorThe earthquakeThis day in weather historyAlerts in force

Sources

Tsunami events and runups from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Hazard Database, cited as NCEI/WDS, doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Public domain. Read 2026-09-24. NCEI tsunami event 1331.