January 31, 1906 Tsunami: Off Coast, Ecuador
A tsunami caused by a magnitude 8.8 earthquake began at Off Coast, Ecuador on January 31, 1906 at 15:36:10 UTC. The water rose as high as 5 meters. Its effects were recorded at 59 places in at least 10 countries. It killed 1,000 people.
Where the waves reached
The source (white) and every runup with a place, colored by the water height recorded there. A ring is a runup NCEI marks doubtful.
- Under 1 m
- 1 to 3 m
- 3 to 10 m
- 10 to 30 m
- 30 m and more
- Height not recorded
The tsunami
- Date
- January 31, 1906, 15:36:10 UTC
- Source
- Off Coast, Ecuador
- Cause
- Earthquake
- Earthquake
- Magnitude 8.8, 20 km deep
- Maximum water height
- 5 m (16.4 ft)
- Runups recorded
- 59
- Tsunami intensity (Soloviev-Imamura)
- 3
- Tsunami magnitude (Iida)
- 1
- Waters
- Ocean
- How certain
- Definite tsunami
- Source location
- 0.955° N, 79.369° W
The toll
- Deaths
- 1,000
- Damage
- Severe (about $5 to $25 million)
- Houses destroyed
- Many (101 to 1,000)
Where the literature gives no number, NCEI records a description on a scale of 1 to 4, printed here in its words. Damage is in millions of US dollars of the year of the event, not adjusted for inflation.
What the record says
NCEI’s account, from the sources it cites.
Thirty minutes after the earthquake, the first tsunami wave was observed at Tumaco, Colombia. The tsunami was observed along the entire coast of Central America, in Mexico, and California. The tsunami reached Hilo approximately 12.5 hours after the earthquake and the coast of Japan in 19.5 hours.
1906. A tsunami fell on the beach at Los Negros.
[Apparently, this relates to the Colombian-Ecuador tsunami of January 31, 1906.]
The tsunami was most destructive on the low-lying coast from Rioverde [Ecuador] to Micay [Colombia]. Here all homes on the coast or in the estuarine parts of rivers were washed away; by various estimates 500-1500 persons died.
Strong seiches were generated on the northern (Atlantic) coast of Colombia.
(Above from reference #415)
Guayaquil, Ecuador. February 15.--The first shock of the earthquake which caused so much damage and loss of life in the province of Esmeraldas was felt at 10 o'clock on Jan. 31st, the disturbance continuing at short intervals until Feb. 6th. The inhabitants, panic-stricken, abandoned their homes and families and are still living in the open air, fearing a repetition of the shocks. In the neighborhood of Port Limon four small islands disappeared. These islands were inhabited by fishermen, who escaped in small boats, which they were at sea for three days, until the water became sufficiently calm to enable them to reach the mainland. The city of Esmeraldas was nearly inundated by a tidal wave which entered the port, flooding the principal streets. All the inhabitants ran for the mountains in the neighborhood. All the towns in the provinces of Esmeraldas and Manabi were greatly damaged. Most of the inhabitants are homeless. At the Colombian towns of Mosquera, San Juan and Domingoritz more than 300 persons perished. (reference #8876)
1906. High waves invaded Los Negritos Beach. A tsunami was observed on the beach at Los Negros. (reference #1402)
Colombia, Tumaco 5m; Guapi, height 1-2m, 49 houses destroyed. Hawaiian Is. Hilo 3.6m, ships damaged. Tsunami reached Japan, California, Costa Rica. (reference #150)
Every runup
Nearest the source first. Heights are above sea level at the time; a tide gauge reads half the wave’s full height.
| Where | Country | Km from source | Water height, m | Inland, m | Measured by | First wave, UTC | Deaths |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esmeraldas | Ecuador | 33 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Cabo Manglares | Colombia | 87 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Chilbi | Colombia | 104 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Pindo Island | Colombia | 108 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| El Bajito | Colombia | 113 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Tumaco | Colombia | 120 | 5 | Eyewitness observation of water height | day 31, 16:05 | ||
| Trujillo | Colombia | 124 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Salahonda and Morro-O-Salahonda | Colombia | 144 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 4 | |||
| Hojas Blancas | Colombia | 151 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 10 | |||
| Barbacoas | Colombia | 155 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| San Ignacio | Colombia | 161 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 22 | |||
| San Juan | Colombia | 175 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 149 | |||
| Caballos | Colombia | 190 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 8 | |||
| Mosquera | Colombia | 199 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 2 | |||
| El Coco | Colombia | 209 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Bahia Caraquez | Ecuador | 210 | 0.8 | Eyewitness observation of water height | |||
| Punta Guascama | Colombia | 216 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 11 | |||
| Sanquianga | Colombia | 220 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 12 | |||
| La Tola | Colombia | 220 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Mulatos | Colombia | 222 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 64 | |||
| Amarales | Colombia | 226 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 83 | |||
| Boquerones | Colombia | 231 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 48 | |||
| Domingo Ortiz | Colombia | 234 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Guapi | Colombia | 243 | 1 | Eyewitness observation of water height | day 31, 16:17 | ||
| Quiroga | Colombia | 252 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 32 | |||
| Cuerval | Colombia | 263 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Timbiqui | Colombia | 278 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 53 | |||
| La Candelaria | Colombia | 303 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Boca Grande | Colombia | 305 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Micay | Colombia | 308 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 100 | |||
| Guayaquil | Ecuador | 352 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Rio Verde | Ecuador | 391 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Buenaventura | Colombia | 413 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| San Carlos | Panama | 835 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Naos Is, Canal Zone, Pacific Coast | Panama | 880 | 0.7 | Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height) | |||
| Panama | Panama | 886 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Tarcoles | Costa Rica | 1,138 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Barranca (Hacienda El Porvenir) | Costa Rica | 1,160 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Boca Barranca | Costa Rica | 1,160 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Potrero Bay | Costa Rica | 1,266 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Los Negros | El Salvador | 1,714 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| San Diego, CA, CA | United States | 5,292 | 0.05 | Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height) | |||
| San Francisco, CA, CA | United States | 6,003 | 0.06 | Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height) | |||
| Port Simpson, British Columbia, BC doubtful | Canada | 7,529 | Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height) | ||||
| Hilo, Hawaii, HI, HI | United States | 8,482 | 1.8 | Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height) | day 1, 04:05 | ||
| Kahului, Maui, HI, HI | United States | 8,638 | 0.3 | Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height) | |||
| Honolulu, Oahu, HI, HI | United States | 8,785 | 0.13 | Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height) | day 1, 03:17 | ||
| Gisborne | New Zealand | 11,172 | 0.6 | Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height) | day 1, 18:00 | ||
| Hakodate | Japan | 13,804 | 0.17 | Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height) | day 1, 10:59 | ||
| Ayukawa | Japan | 13,985 | 0.18 | Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height) | day 1, 11:23 | ||
| Kushimoto | Japan | 14,721 | 0.24 | Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height) | day 1, 12:02 | ||
| Hososhima | Japan | 15,087 | 0.15 | Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height) | day 1, 11:53 | ||
| Nagasaki | Japan | 15,185 | 0.14 | Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height) | day 1, 13:08 | ||
| Fukahori | Japan | 15,193 | 0.28 | Tide gauge (half the maximum wave height) | |||
| West Coast | Mexico | Eyewitness observation of water height | |||||
| Cansara | Colombia | Eyewitness observation of water height | 2 | ||||
| Varela | Colombia | Eyewitness observation of water height | 9 | ||||
| N Atlantic Coast of Colombia | Colombia | Other | |||||
| El Pinal | Colombia | Eyewitness observation of water height |
More
Every tsunami in 1906The 1900sTsunamis of EcuadorThe earthquakeThis day in weather historyAlerts in force
Sources
Tsunami events and runups from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Hazard Database, cited as NCEI/WDS, doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Public domain. Read 2026-09-24. NCEI tsunami event 1331.