Tsunamis in 1707

October 28, 1707 Tsunami: Nankaido, Japan

October 28, 1707 · 25.7 m · 5,000 deaths · 77,000 houses destroyed · Definite tsunami

A tsunami caused by a magnitude 8.4 earthquake began at Nankaido, Japan on October 28, 1707 at 05:00 UTC. The water rose as high as 25.7 meters. Its effects were recorded at 31 places in at least 2 countries. It killed 5,000 people, counting the earthquake or eruption that caused it.

Where the waves reached

The source (white) and every runup with a place, colored by the water height recorded there. A ring is a runup NCEI marks doubtful.

  • Under 1 m
  • 1 to 3 m
  • 3 to 10 m
  • 10 to 30 m
  • 30 m and more
  • Height not recorded

Tsunami warnings in force

The tsunami

Date
October 28, 1707, 05:00 UTC
Source
Nankaido, Japan
Cause
Earthquake
Earthquake
Magnitude 8.4
Maximum water height
25.7 m (84.3 ft)
Runups recorded
31
Tsunami intensity (Soloviev-Imamura)
4
Tsunami magnitude (Iida)
3.5
Waters
Ocean
How certain
Definite tsunami
Source location
33.200° N, 134.800° E

The toll

Deaths
5,000
Damage
Extreme (about $25 million or more)
Houses destroyed
17,000; 77,000 with the earthquake or eruption that caused it

Where the literature gives no number, NCEI records a description on a scale of 1 to 4, printed here in its words. Damage is in millions of US dollars of the year of the event, not adjusted for inflation.

What the record says

NCEI’s account, from the sources it cites.

Reference #150:

1707, Oct 28. 33.2 N 134.8 E, magnitude 8.4. Tsunami 25.7 m high at Kure, Kochi Prefecture. More than 29,000 houses in total wrecked and washed away and about 30,000 deaths. In Tosa, 11,170 houses washed away and 18,441 persons drowned. About 700 drowned and 603 houses washed away in Osaka. 20 m high at Tanezaki, Tosa, 6.58 at Muroto. Hot springs at Yunomine, Sanji, Ryujin, Seto-Kanayana (Kii) and Dogo (Iyo,145 days) stopped.

Reference #414:

The entire coast from the Izu Peninsula to Kyushu Island was affected by the tsunami. The tsunami waves passed through Kii Strait and reached Osaka Bay and the western part of the Inner Sea of Japan (Setonaikai).

In all, 2,900 homes were destroyed or washed away, and about 4,900 people died as the result of the tsunami.

Reference #1897:

1707, "Oct. 28. Remarkable great sea waves devastated the Pacific coasts of Kiushiu, Shikoku, and also of Honshin up to Iza to the north. In Susaki, Tosa, eleven or twelve waves were counted in the interval about 3 p.m. to 4 a.m.; at Kochi, the wave reached so far into the land as several km; at the same district, the third wave was the highest. Coasts of the Bay of Osaka were also damaged by waves."

Reference #3777:

In the Hoei Tsunami of October 28, 1707 with m=4, 4,900 lives were lost throughout Japan. The greatest death toll for this tsunami was also recorded on Shikoku island.

Reference #3785:

Damages are difficult to access, as literature vary on their assessment. About 59,000 houses were destroyed. About 18,000 were washed out. Death toll about 5,000. Lost ships are about 3,900. Considering its heavy earthquake and tsunami affected region. This earthquake/tsunami is similar to the 1854 Ansei earthquake/tsunami, it might be considered the following two earthquakes: Enshunada bay and Kishu Penisula bay.

Every runup

Nearest the source first. Heights are above sea level at the time; a tide gauge reads half the wave’s full height.

WhereCountryKm from sourceWater height, mInland, mMeasured byFirst wave, UTCDeaths
YukiJapan55Eyewitness observation of water height
MurotomisakiJapan596.5Eyewitness observation of water height
AsakawaJapan61Eyewitness observation of water height170
ShishikuiJapan61Eyewitness observation of water height11
MugiJapan63Eyewitness observation of water height
KikiJapan66Eyewitness observation of water height7
WakayamaJapan101Eyewitness observation of water height1
Akaoka (Konan)Japan109Eyewitness observation of water height
TanezakiJapan11924Eyewitness observation of water height704
KochiJapan123Eyewitness observation of water height
USAJapan129Eyewitness observation of water height400
TosaJapan13120Eyewitness observation of water height
SusakiJapan143Eyewitness observation of water height400
KureJapan14525.7Eyewitness observation of water height200
Osaka BayJapan152Eyewitness observation of water height700
Ehime-MisakiJapan207Eyewitness observation of water height
YoshidaJapan208Eyewitness observation of water height
TobaJapan23511.5Eyewitness observation of water height
ToyohashiJapan294Eyewitness observation of water height
Aichi and MieJapan302Eyewitness observation of water height32
YamanouchiJapan320Eyewitness observation of water height
SagaraJapan3505.5Eyewitness observation of water height
Totomi-NadaJapan384Eyewitness observation of water height20
Suruga Gulf, HonshuJapan393Eyewitness observation of water height13
ShimodaJapan4173.6Eyewitness observation of water height
Izu Peninsula, HonshuJapan427Eyewitness observation of water height11
Hachijo IslandJapan464Eyewitness observation of water height
Wuxing, ZhejiangChina1,411Eyewitness observation of water height
WuqingChina1,732Eyewitness observation of water height
IhamaJapanEyewitness observation of water height18
FukushimaJapanEyewitness observation of water height100

More

Every tsunami in 1707The 1700sTsunamis of JapanThe earthquakeThis day in weather historyAlerts in force

Sources

Tsunami events and runups from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Hazard Database, cited as NCEI/WDS, doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Public domain. Read 2026-09-24. NCEI tsunami event 377.