October 28, 1707 Tsunami: Nankaido, Japan
A tsunami caused by a magnitude 8.4 earthquake began at Nankaido, Japan on October 28, 1707 at 05:00 UTC. The water rose as high as 25.7 meters. Its effects were recorded at 31 places in at least 2 countries. It killed 5,000 people, counting the earthquake or eruption that caused it.
Where the waves reached
The source (white) and every runup with a place, colored by the water height recorded there. A ring is a runup NCEI marks doubtful.
- Under 1 m
- 1 to 3 m
- 3 to 10 m
- 10 to 30 m
- 30 m and more
- Height not recorded
The tsunami
- Date
- October 28, 1707, 05:00 UTC
- Source
- Nankaido, Japan
- Cause
- Earthquake
- Earthquake
- Magnitude 8.4
- Maximum water height
- 25.7 m (84.3 ft)
- Runups recorded
- 31
- Tsunami intensity (Soloviev-Imamura)
- 4
- Tsunami magnitude (Iida)
- 3.5
- Waters
- Ocean
- How certain
- Definite tsunami
- Source location
- 33.200° N, 134.800° E
The toll
- Deaths
- 5,000
- Damage
- Extreme (about $25 million or more)
- Houses destroyed
- 17,000; 77,000 with the earthquake or eruption that caused it
Where the literature gives no number, NCEI records a description on a scale of 1 to 4, printed here in its words. Damage is in millions of US dollars of the year of the event, not adjusted for inflation.
What the record says
NCEI’s account, from the sources it cites.
Reference #150:
1707, Oct 28. 33.2 N 134.8 E, magnitude 8.4. Tsunami 25.7 m high at Kure, Kochi Prefecture. More than 29,000 houses in total wrecked and washed away and about 30,000 deaths. In Tosa, 11,170 houses washed away and 18,441 persons drowned. About 700 drowned and 603 houses washed away in Osaka. 20 m high at Tanezaki, Tosa, 6.58 at Muroto. Hot springs at Yunomine, Sanji, Ryujin, Seto-Kanayana (Kii) and Dogo (Iyo,145 days) stopped.
Reference #414:
The entire coast from the Izu Peninsula to Kyushu Island was affected by the tsunami. The tsunami waves passed through Kii Strait and reached Osaka Bay and the western part of the Inner Sea of Japan (Setonaikai).
In all, 2,900 homes were destroyed or washed away, and about 4,900 people died as the result of the tsunami.
Reference #1897:
1707, "Oct. 28. Remarkable great sea waves devastated the Pacific coasts of Kiushiu, Shikoku, and also of Honshin up to Iza to the north. In Susaki, Tosa, eleven or twelve waves were counted in the interval about 3 p.m. to 4 a.m.; at Kochi, the wave reached so far into the land as several km; at the same district, the third wave was the highest. Coasts of the Bay of Osaka were also damaged by waves."
Reference #3777:
In the Hoei Tsunami of October 28, 1707 with m=4, 4,900 lives were lost throughout Japan. The greatest death toll for this tsunami was also recorded on Shikoku island.
Reference #3785:
Damages are difficult to access, as literature vary on their assessment. About 59,000 houses were destroyed. About 18,000 were washed out. Death toll about 5,000. Lost ships are about 3,900. Considering its heavy earthquake and tsunami affected region. This earthquake/tsunami is similar to the 1854 Ansei earthquake/tsunami, it might be considered the following two earthquakes: Enshunada bay and Kishu Penisula bay.
Every runup
Nearest the source first. Heights are above sea level at the time; a tide gauge reads half the wave’s full height.
| Where | Country | Km from source | Water height, m | Inland, m | Measured by | First wave, UTC | Deaths |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yuki | Japan | 55 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Murotomisaki | Japan | 59 | 6.5 | Eyewitness observation of water height | |||
| Asakawa | Japan | 61 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 170 | |||
| Shishikui | Japan | 61 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 11 | |||
| Mugi | Japan | 63 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Kiki | Japan | 66 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 7 | |||
| Wakayama | Japan | 101 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 1 | |||
| Akaoka (Konan) | Japan | 109 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Tanezaki | Japan | 119 | 24 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 704 | ||
| Kochi | Japan | 123 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| USA | Japan | 129 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 400 | |||
| Tosa | Japan | 131 | 20 | Eyewitness observation of water height | |||
| Susaki | Japan | 143 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 400 | |||
| Kure | Japan | 145 | 25.7 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 200 | ||
| Osaka Bay | Japan | 152 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 700 | |||
| Ehime-Misaki | Japan | 207 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Yoshida | Japan | 208 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Toba | Japan | 235 | 11.5 | Eyewitness observation of water height | |||
| Toyohashi | Japan | 294 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Aichi and Mie | Japan | 302 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 32 | |||
| Yamanouchi | Japan | 320 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Sagara | Japan | 350 | 5.5 | Eyewitness observation of water height | |||
| Totomi-Nada | Japan | 384 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 20 | |||
| Suruga Gulf, Honshu | Japan | 393 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 13 | |||
| Shimoda | Japan | 417 | 3.6 | Eyewitness observation of water height | |||
| Izu Peninsula, Honshu | Japan | 427 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 11 | |||
| Hachijo Island | Japan | 464 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Wuxing, Zhejiang | China | 1,411 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Wuqing | China | 1,732 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Ihama | Japan | Eyewitness observation of water height | 18 | ||||
| Fukushima | Japan | Eyewitness observation of water height | 100 |
More
Every tsunami in 1707The 1700sTsunamis of JapanThe earthquakeThis day in weather historyAlerts in force
Sources
Tsunami events and runups from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Hazard Database, cited as NCEI/WDS, doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Public domain. Read 2026-09-24. NCEI tsunami event 377.