February 3, 1605 Tsunami: Nankaido, Japan
A tsunami caused by a magnitude 7.9 earthquake began at Nankaido, Japan on February 3, 1605. The water rose as high as 10 meters. Its effects were recorded at 10 places. It killed 5,000 people.
Where the waves reached
The source (white) and every runup with a place, colored by the water height recorded there. A ring is a runup NCEI marks doubtful.
- Under 1 m
- 1 to 3 m
- 3 to 10 m
- 10 to 30 m
- 30 m and more
- Height not recorded
The tsunami
- Date
- February 3, 1605
- Source
- Nankaido, Japan
- Cause
- Earthquake
- Earthquake
- Magnitude 7.9
- Maximum water height
- 10 m (32.8 ft)
- Runups recorded
- 10
- Tsunami intensity (Soloviev-Imamura)
- 3
- Tsunami magnitude (Iida)
- 3
- Waters
- Ocean
- How certain
- Definite tsunami
- Source location
- 33.000° N, 134.900° E
The toll
- Deaths
- 5,000
- Damage
- Severe (about $5 to $25 million)
- Houses destroyed
- 700
Where the literature gives no number, NCEI records a description on a scale of 1 to 4, printed here in its words. Damage is in millions of US dollars of the year of the event, not adjusted for inflation.
What the record says
NCEI’s account, from the sources it cites.
February 3, 1605, Nankaido, 33 N, 134.9 E, magnitude 8.1, tsunami intensity 3, validity 4. 700 houses (41%) at Hiro, Wakayama Prefecture washed away. 3,600 drowned in Shishikui area. Awa, wave height 6-7m. 350 at Kannoura 60 at Sakihama drowned, wave height 5-6 m and 8-10 m, respectively. Total more than 5,000 drowned. (reference #150)
February 3, 1605, 22-23 [local time], 33 N, 134.9 E, magnitude 7.9. (reference #3785)
January 31 (February 3), 1605, 20:00 [local time].
An enormous tsunami with a maximum known rise of water of 30 m was observed on the coast from the Boso Peninsula to the eastern part of Kyushu Island. The eastern part of the Boso Peninsula, the coast of Tokyo Bay, the coast of the prefectures of Kanagawa and Shizouka, and the southeastern coast of Kochi Precture suffered especially heavily...In some catalogs (References #150 and #3785) it is considered that two strong earthquakes occurred almost simultaneously in 1605: one at Tokaido and one at Nankaido with the following approximate epicenter coordinates: 34.3 North, 140.3 East; 33 North, 134.9 East.
(reference #414)
In the Keicho Tsunami of February 3, 1605 with the tsunami magnitude m=3 death toll of 5,000 was recorded in all afflicted area of Japan.... There are two separate reports for the 1605 tsunami. In one it is stated 3,800 lives were lost at the Shishikui village and in the other 1,500 lives. However, it has been determined by analyzing temple records that the actual death toll was 138. A death toll of about 350 was counted in Kannoura. Near the Muroto cape almost 400 deaths were recorded and in Misaki the death count totaled 153.
In the 1707 tsunami (reference #3777)
Every runup
Nearest the source first. Heights are above sea level at the time; a tide gauge reads half the wave’s full height.
| Where | Country | Km from source | Water height, m | Inland, m | Measured by | First wave, UTC | Deaths |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sakihama | Japan | 77 | 10 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 50 | ||
| Cape Muroto | Japan | 77 | 10 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 400 | ||
| Kannoura | Japan | 81 | 6 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 350 | ||
| Tomoura | Japan | 82 | 5 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 100 | ||
| Shishikui | Japan | 83 | 6 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 136 | ||
| Misaki | Japan | 93 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 153 | |||
| Hiro | Japan | 118 | Eyewitness observation of water height | ||||
| Awa | Japan | 121 | 7 | Eyewitness observation of water height | |||
| Susaki | Japan | 156 | Eyewitness observation of water height | 20 | |||
| Kyushu Island | Japan | 364 | Eyewitness observation of water height |
More
Every tsunami in 1605The 1600sTsunamis of JapanThe earthquakeThis day in weather historyAlerts in force
Sources
Tsunami events and runups from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Hazard Database, cited as NCEI/WDS, doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Public domain. Read 2026-09-24. NCEI tsunami event 216.