Tornadoes · United States · Texas · 1991

F1 tornado, Red River County, Texas, April 26, 1991

This F1 tornado ran 0.2 miles across Red River County on April 26, 1991, touching down at 10:19 PM CDT and reaching 10 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $5,000 to $50,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F1
Date
April 26, 1991
Touchdown
10:19 PM CDT (03:19 UTC)
Path length
0.2 miles (0.3 km)
Path width
10 yards (9 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$5,000 to $50,000
County
Red River County
Touchdown point
33.670, -95.170
Record number
346

The warnings

32 minutes of warning. NWS FWD issued a tornado warning for this county at 02:47 UTC, 32 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 03:45 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
02:23 UTC03:30 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningFWD
02:47 UTC03:45 UTCTornado WarningFWD
06:20 UTC07:15 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningFWD
07:39 UTC08:45 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningFWD
08:00 UTC12:00 UTCFlash Flood WarningFWD
08:47 UTC09:45 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningFWD

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 06:35 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Longview/Gregg, TX (KGGG), 00:00Z

3.3 hours before the tornado, 156 km from the path. April 27, 1991.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Longview/Gregg, TX at 00:00Z on 1991-04-27Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 4104 joules per kilogram, CIN -1, lifted condensation level 596 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Longview/Gregg, TX at 00:00Z on 1991-04-27The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 160 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 37 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
4104 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-1 J/kg
Surface CAPE
2915 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
596 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
37 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
20 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
160 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
205 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
3.7
Supercell composite
21.4
0-3 km lapse rate
5.2 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Longview/Gregg, TX (KGGG), 12:00Z

8.7 hours after it, 156 km from the path. April 27, 1991.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Longview/Gregg, TX at 12:00Z on 1991-04-27Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 2643 joules per kilogram, CIN -14, lifted condensation level 600 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Longview/Gregg, TX at 12:00Z on 1991-04-27The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 266 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 42 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
2643 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-14 J/kg
Surface CAPE
2184 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
600 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
42 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
28 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
266 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
223 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
3.4
Supercell composite
15.8
0-3 km lapse rate
5.5 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1991 tornado in TexasEvery tornado in Texas since 1950Warnings in force in Texas nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of April 26, 1991

52 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
April 266:45 AM CDTF2Kay, OK1.0100$50,000 to $500,000
April 2610:30 AM CDTF1Jefferson Parish, LA0.210$5,000 to $50,000
April 2610:45 AM CDTF2Montgomery, KS6.0100$50,000 to $500,000
April 263:25 PM CDTF2Washington, KS3.51006$50,000 to $500,000
April 263:40 PM CDTF1Fillmore, NE1.050$5,000 to $50,000
April 263:45 PM CDTF0Chase, KS1.017$500 to $5,000
April 263:50 PM CDTF3Washington, KS to NE24.0200$50,000 to $500,000
April 264:10 PM CDTF0Morris, KS13.050$500,000 to $5 million
April 264:35 PM CDTF2Wabaunsee, KS44.0200$50,000 to $500,000
April 265:00 PM CDTF2Gage, NE4.0150$50,000 to $500,000
April 265:15 PM CDTF3Otoe, NE14.03502$500,000 to $5 million
April 265:20 PM CDTF0Harper, KS1.050$500 to $5,000
April 265:30 PM CDTF0Harper, KS16.050$500 to $5,000
April 265:47 PM CDTF1Sedgwick, KS2.050$5,000 to $50,000
April 265:57 PM CDTF5Andover tornado, KS46.044017225$50 million to $500 million
April 266:00 PM CDTF3Garfield, OK6.0350$50,000 to $500,000
April 266:10 PM CDTF1Sedgwick, KS16.050$5,000 to $50,000
April 266:15 PM CDTF0Pierce, NE0.120
April 266:15 PM CDTF0Garfield, OK0.120
April 266:30 PM CDTF4Garfield, OK66.01,5006$500,000 to $5 million
April 266:30 PM CDTF4Cowley, KS25.05001$5 million to $50 million
April 266:35 PM CDTF0Wabaunsee, KS9.020
April 267:00 PM CDTF2Cherokee, TX0.210$50,000 to $500,000
April 267:10 PM CDTF2Butler, KS21.01004$50,000 to $500,000
April 267:11 PM CDTF3Cherokee, TX3.02001$50,000 to $500,000
April 267:26 PM CDTF3Elk, KS14.020012$50,000 to $500,000
April 267:38 PM CDTF2Payne, OK6.5800$50,000 to $500,000
April 267:40 PM CDTF0Chase, KS1.050$500 to $5,000
April 267:40 PM CDTF2Rusk, TX3.0100$5,000 to $50,000
April 267:44 PM CDTF1Shelby, IA2.047$500 to $5,000
April 268:00 PM CDTF3Crawford, IA7.7150$500,000 to $5 million
April 268:00 PM CDTF2Rusk, TX0.210$50,000 to $500,000
April 268:10 PM CDTF4Pawnee, OK32.01,700124$500,000 to $5 million
April 268:22 PM CDTF1Rusk, TX0.210$500 to $5,000
April 268:27 PM CDTF1Osage, OK0.310
April 268:33 PM CDTF0Sedgwick, KS1.050$500 to $5,000
April 268:35 PM CDTF3Greenwood, KS15.050$500,000 to $5 million
April 268:54 PM CDTF1Shawnee, KS11.0204$5,000 to $50,000
April 269:00 PM CDTF2Dickinson, IA18.060$50,000 to $500,000
April 269:05 PM CDTF2Washington, OK6.0100110$50,000 to $500,000
April 269:25 PM CDTF2Jefferson, KS25.0272$500,000 to $5 million
April 269:45 PM CDTF4Rogers, OK4.01,30022$5 million to $50 million
April 2610:00 PM CDTF2Red River, TX0.210$50,000 to $500,000
April 2610:10 PM CDTF1Rogers, OK2.0303$50,000 to $500,000
April 2610:15 PM CDTF1Andrew, MO1.850$5,000 to $50,000
April 2610:20 PM CDTF0Montgomery, KS1.050$5,000 to $50,000
April 2610:30 PM CDTF2Red River, TX0.210$50,000 to $500,000
April 2611:10 PM CDTF2Wayne, IA9.060$50,000 to $500,000
April 2611:10 PM CDTF2Wayne, IA15.0772$500,000 to $5 million
April 2611:39 PM CDTF0Newton, MO0.250
April 2611:57 PM CDTF1Andrew, MO1.550$500 to $5,000
April 2612:05 AM CDTF0Jasper, MO0.110

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.