Tornadoes · United States · Oklahoma · 1991

F1 tornado, Osage County, Oklahoma, April 26, 1991

This F1 tornado ran 0.3 miles across Osage County on April 26, 1991, touching down at 8:27 PM CDT and reaching 10 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F1
Date
April 26, 1991
Touchdown
8:27 PM CDT (01:27 UTC)
Path length
0.3 miles (0.5 km)
Path width
10 yards (9 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
County
Osage County
Touchdown point
36.670, -96.530
Record number
335

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down. One was issued for the county at another hour that day.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
12:55 UTC13:45 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSA
13:41 UTC14:30 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSA
23:47 UTC00:45 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSA
00:14 UTC01:15 UTCTornado WarningTSA
01:15 UTC02:15 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSA
01:32 UTC02:30 UTCTornado WarningTSA
03:16 UTC04:15 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSA
04:18 UTC05:15 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSA

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a High Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 06:35 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Norman, OK (KOUN), 00:00Z

1.5 hours before the tornado, 179 km from the path. April 27, 1991.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Norman, OK at 00:00Z on 1991-04-27Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 4072 joules per kilogram, CIN -9, lifted condensation level 954 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Norman, OK at 00:00Z on 1991-04-27The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 201 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 46 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
4072 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-9 J/kg
Surface CAPE
4255 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
954 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
46 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
20 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
201 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
377 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
7.9
Supercell composite
34.1
0-3 km lapse rate
7.4 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Norman, OK (KOUN), 12:00Z

10.5 hours after it, 179 km from the path. April 27, 1991.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Norman, OK at 12:00Z on 1991-04-27Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -13941, lifted condensation level 2527 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Norman, OK at 12:00Z on 1991-04-27The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -211 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 62 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-13941 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
2527 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
62 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
18 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-211 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
-209 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
2.5 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1991 tornado in OklahomaEvery tornado in Oklahoma since 1950Warnings in force in Oklahoma nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of April 26, 1991

52 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
April 266:45 AM CDTF2Kay, OK1.0100$50,000 to $500,000
April 2610:30 AM CDTF1Jefferson Parish, LA0.210$5,000 to $50,000
April 2610:45 AM CDTF2Montgomery, KS6.0100$50,000 to $500,000
April 263:25 PM CDTF2Washington, KS3.51006$50,000 to $500,000
April 263:40 PM CDTF1Fillmore, NE1.050$5,000 to $50,000
April 263:45 PM CDTF0Chase, KS1.017$500 to $5,000
April 263:50 PM CDTF3Washington, KS to NE24.0200$50,000 to $500,000
April 264:10 PM CDTF0Morris, KS13.050$500,000 to $5 million
April 264:35 PM CDTF2Wabaunsee, KS44.0200$50,000 to $500,000
April 265:00 PM CDTF2Gage, NE4.0150$50,000 to $500,000
April 265:15 PM CDTF3Otoe, NE14.03502$500,000 to $5 million
April 265:20 PM CDTF0Harper, KS1.050$500 to $5,000
April 265:30 PM CDTF0Harper, KS16.050$500 to $5,000
April 265:47 PM CDTF1Sedgwick, KS2.050$5,000 to $50,000
April 265:57 PM CDTF5Andover tornado, KS46.044017225$50 million to $500 million
April 266:00 PM CDTF3Garfield, OK6.0350$50,000 to $500,000
April 266:10 PM CDTF1Sedgwick, KS16.050$5,000 to $50,000
April 266:15 PM CDTF0Pierce, NE0.120
April 266:15 PM CDTF0Garfield, OK0.120
April 266:30 PM CDTF4Garfield, OK66.01,5006$500,000 to $5 million
April 266:30 PM CDTF4Cowley, KS25.05001$5 million to $50 million
April 266:35 PM CDTF0Wabaunsee, KS9.020
April 267:00 PM CDTF2Cherokee, TX0.210$50,000 to $500,000
April 267:10 PM CDTF2Butler, KS21.01004$50,000 to $500,000
April 267:11 PM CDTF3Cherokee, TX3.02001$50,000 to $500,000
April 267:26 PM CDTF3Elk, KS14.020012$50,000 to $500,000
April 267:38 PM CDTF2Payne, OK6.5800$50,000 to $500,000
April 267:40 PM CDTF0Chase, KS1.050$500 to $5,000
April 267:40 PM CDTF2Rusk, TX3.0100$5,000 to $50,000
April 267:44 PM CDTF1Shelby, IA2.047$500 to $5,000
April 268:00 PM CDTF3Crawford, IA7.7150$500,000 to $5 million
April 268:00 PM CDTF2Rusk, TX0.210$50,000 to $500,000
April 268:10 PM CDTF4Pawnee, OK32.01,700124$500,000 to $5 million
April 268:22 PM CDTF1Rusk, TX0.210$500 to $5,000
April 268:33 PM CDTF0Sedgwick, KS1.050$500 to $5,000
April 268:35 PM CDTF3Greenwood, KS15.050$500,000 to $5 million
April 268:54 PM CDTF1Shawnee, KS11.0204$5,000 to $50,000
April 269:00 PM CDTF2Dickinson, IA18.060$50,000 to $500,000
April 269:05 PM CDTF2Washington, OK6.0100110$50,000 to $500,000
April 269:25 PM CDTF2Jefferson, KS25.0272$500,000 to $5 million
April 269:45 PM CDTF4Rogers, OK4.01,30022$5 million to $50 million
April 2610:00 PM CDTF2Red River, TX0.210$50,000 to $500,000
April 2610:10 PM CDTF1Rogers, OK2.0303$50,000 to $500,000
April 2610:15 PM CDTF1Andrew, MO1.850$5,000 to $50,000
April 2610:19 PM CDTF1Red River, TX0.210$5,000 to $50,000
April 2610:20 PM CDTF0Montgomery, KS1.050$5,000 to $50,000
April 2610:30 PM CDTF2Red River, TX0.210$50,000 to $500,000
April 2611:10 PM CDTF2Wayne, IA9.060$50,000 to $500,000
April 2611:10 PM CDTF2Wayne, IA15.0772$500,000 to $5 million
April 2611:39 PM CDTF0Newton, MO0.250
April 2611:57 PM CDTF1Andrew, MO1.550$500 to $5,000
April 2612:05 AM CDTF0Jasper, MO0.110

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.