Tornadoes · United States · Oklahoma · 2015

EF0 tornado, Butler, Oklahoma, April 9, 2015

This EF0 tornado ran 0.2 miles across Custer County on April 9, 2015, touching down at 9:08 PM CDT and reaching 30 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
EF0
Date
April 9, 2015
Touchdown
9:08 PM CDT (02:08 UTC)
Path length
0.2 miles (0.3 km)
Path width
30 yards (27 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
County
Custer County
Touchdown point
35.681, -99.240
Lift-off point
35.681, -99.240
Record number
1504092008-01

What the Weather Service recorded

A warm front/dryline triple point was present across far northwestern Oklahoma during the daylight hours. As a weak shortwave moved across the Southern Plains, strong flow aloft overspread the region. Daytime heating and the influence of the upper wave lifted the cap, allowing for scattered severe thunderstorm development.

Spotters reported a tornado touched down about 4 miles northwest of Butler. The tornado produced no known damage.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down.

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Norman, OK (KOUN), 00:00Z

2.1 hours before the tornado, 174 km from the path. April 10, 2015.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Norman, OK at 00:00Z on 2015-04-10Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -81932, lifted condensation level 2489 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Norman, OK at 00:00Z on 2015-04-10The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -65 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 52 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-81932 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
2489 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
52 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
13 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-65 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
-24 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
6.6 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Norman, OK (KOUN), 12:00Z

9.9 hours after it, 174 km from the path. April 10, 2015.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Norman, OK at 12:00Z on 2015-04-10Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -95122, lifted condensation level 1554 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Norman, OK at 12:00Z on 2015-04-10The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -83 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 44 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-95122 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1554 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
44 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
17 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-83 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
-41 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
2.2 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Elk City (ELK), 31 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
00:15 UTC62.633.8360° 17 kt1018.6
00:35 UTC62.633.8360° 17 kt1019
00:55 UTC60.833.8360° 16 kt201019.3
01:15 UTC5933.8360° 12 kt1020
01:35 UTC57.233.8360° 14 kt1020
01:55 UTC55.433.810° 10 kt1020.7
02:15 UTC53.633.810° 9 kt1021
02:35 UTC53.633.810° 9 kt1021.3
02:55 UTC51.833.810° 11 kt151021.7
03:20 UTC5033.820° 7 kt1022.4
03:35 UTC5033.810° 10 kt1022.4
04:00 UTC5033.810° 10 kt1022.7

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The radar

The Altus AFB radar (KFDR), 149 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 02:07 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2015 tornado in OklahomaEvery tornado in Oklahoma since 1950Warnings in force in Oklahoma nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of April 9, 2015

18 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
April 91:32 PM CDTEF0Peoria, IL0.110
April 95:04 PM CDTEF1Scott, IA22.4100$20,000
April 96:22 PM EDTEF0Hillsdale, MI0.670
April 95:40 PM CDTEF1Clinton, IA to IL12.575
April 96:02 PM CDTEF1Carroll, IL8.350
April 96:37 PM CDTEF0Boone, IL2.825
April 96:38 PM CDTEF2Cherokee, TX1.8340$300,000
April 96:39 PM CDTEF4Rochelle–Fairdale tornado, IL30.1700211$19 million
April 97:05 PM CDTEF0Ogle, IL1.9100
April 97:10 PM CDTEF1Gregg, TX1.3335$1.0 million
April 97:15 PM CDTEF1Boone, IL4.0100$80,000
April 97:20 PM CDTEF1Harrison, TX4.5760$300,000
April 97:24 PM CDTEF0Boone, IL0.430$20,000
April 97:25 PM CDTEF1Boone, IL3.950$150,000
April 97:47 PM CDTEF0Christian, IL0.110
April 97:50 PM CDTEF1McHenry, IL0.330
April 99:16 PM CDTEF0Cape Girardeau, MO1.8150$6,000
April 99:31 PM CDTEF0Cape Girardeau, MO1.7130$60,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.