EF2 tornado, Leach to West Siloam Spgs, Oklahoma, May 22, 2011

1. EF065 to 85 mph

   Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

2. EF186 to 110 mph

   Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

3. EF2111 to 135 mphthis tornado

   Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

4. EF3136 to 165 mph

   Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

5. EF4166 to 200 mph

   Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

6. EF5over 200 mph

   Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

7. Unrated

   The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

Rating

EF2

Date

May 22, 2011

Touchdown

8:14 PM CDT (01:14 UTC)

Lifted

8:27 PM CDT (01:27 UTC)

On the ground

13 minutes

Path length

4.5 miles (7.2 km)

Path width

200 yards (183 m)

Deaths

0

Injuries

0

Property damage

$250,000

Counties

Adair and Delaware counties

Touchdown point

36.139, -94.757

Lift-off point

36.189, -94.707

Record number

1105221914-01

10 damage points were recorded along this path by NWS TSA, in the Damage Assessment Toolkit the survey teams carry. The strongest indicator was rated EF2. The highest wind the damage implies is 127 mph.

• Numerous trees were uprooted in this area.
• Several trees were snapped or uprooted. A barn was also damaged in this area.
• Likely beginning point of tornado.
• Six mobile homes were destroyed.

Survey points are preliminary and are the raw material the published rating was built from. Source: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit.

A very moist and very unstable air mass developed across eastern Oklahoma on the afternoon and evening of the 22nd as a dry line moved into the area from the west. Severe thunderstorms, including supercells, developed ahead of the dry line and moved across the area producing tornadoes, large hail up to softball size, and damaging wind gusts.

A tornado damaged several homes and barns, and snapped or uprooted a number of large trees. Maximum estimated wind in the tornado based on this damage was about 105 mph. Several storm chasers, storm spotters, and citizens witnessed this tornado.

This is the first of two segments of this tornado. In Adair County, this tornado uprooted large trees and snapped large tree limbs. Maximum estimated wind in the tornado based on this damage was about 95 mph. The tornado continued into Delaware County.

This is the second of two segments of this tornado. In Delaware County, this tornado severely damaged several homes in the Fiddler's Bend area and snapped or uprooted many trees. Maximum estimated wind in the tornado based on this damage was about 115 mph. Several citizens witnessed this tornado.

A tornado destroyed six mobile homes, injuring twelve people, and rolled several vehicles. A number of large trees were snapped or uprooted and a barn was destroyed by the tornado. Maximum estimated wind in the tornado based on this damage was about 125 mph.

A tornado snapped or uprooted a number of large trees. Maximum estimated wind in the tornado based on this damage was about 105 mph.

A tornado snapped or uprooted large trees. Maximum estimated wind in the tornado based on this damage was about 100 mph.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

61 minutes of warning. NWS TSA issued a tornado warning for this county at 00:13 UTC, 61 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 01:15 UTC.

The county was under a tornado watch, issued at 18:27 UTC and running to 01:47 UTC.

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Moderate Risk, with a 0.10 chance of a tornado within 25 miles, in the hatched area where significant tornadoes were expected. The outlook in force was issued at 01:09 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Siloam Spring(Awos) (SLG), 22 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The Tulsa radar (KINX), 75 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 01:14 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

The live radar over the trackEvery 2011 tornado in OklahomaEvery tornado in Oklahoma since 1950Warnings in force in Oklahoma nowThe forecast where you are

47 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.