Tornadoes · United States · Ohio · 1985

F2 tornado, Richland County, Ohio, March 28, 1985

This F2 tornado ran 2.0 miles across Richland County on March 28, 1985, touching down at 12:15 AM EST and reaching 77 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $500,000 to $5 million of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mphthis tornado

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F2
Date
March 28, 1985
Touchdown
12:15 AM EST (05:15 UTC)
Path length
2.0 miles (3.2 km)
Path width
77 yards (70 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$500,000 to $5 million
County
Richland County
Touchdown point
40.670, -82.580
Record number
39

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Dayton/James M C, OH (KDAY), 00:00Z

5.3 hours before the tornado, 162 km from the path. March 29, 1985.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Dayton/James M C, OH at 00:00Z on 1985-03-29Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 892 joules per kilogram, CIN -6, lifted condensation level 1324 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Dayton/James M C, OH at 00:00Z on 1985-03-29The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 326 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 58 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
892 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-6 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1620 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1324 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
58 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
33 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
326 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
447 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
1.5
Supercell composite
12.1
0-3 km lapse rate
7.1 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Dayton/James M C, OH (KDAY), 12:00Z

6.7 hours after it, 162 km from the path. March 29, 1985.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Dayton/James M C, OH at 12:00Z on 1985-03-29Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -8623, lifted condensation level 1446 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Dayton/James M C, OH at 12:00Z on 1985-03-29The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 83 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 47 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-8623 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1446 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
47 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
25 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
83 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
101 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.1
0-3 km lapse rate
4.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Mansfield (MFD), 17 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
03:18 UTC230° 15 kt201002.4
04:00 UTC6258200° 17 kt1002.4TSRA
05:00 UTC6332360°
06:00 UTC6632360°
07:00 UTC6532360°

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1985 tornado in OhioEvery tornado in Ohio since 1950Warnings in force in Ohio nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of March 28, 1985

7 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
March 2812:44 AM CSTF2Logan, IL4.5800$500,000 to $5 million
March 286:04 PM ESTF1Allen, IN0.210$500 to $5,000
March 284:30 PM PSTF1Cowlitz, WA0.220$5,000 to $50,000
March 287:50 PM ESTF1Erie, OH1.050$50,000 to $500,000
March 2810:00 PM ESTF1Wyandot, OH2.077$50,000 to $500,000
March 2810:50 PM ESTF1Wayne, OH0.577$5,000 to $50,000
March 2811:06 PM ESTF0Ashland, OH6.0847$50,000 to $500,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.