Tornadoes · United States · Michigan · 2025

EF0 tornado, St Marys Lake to Burley Corners, Michigan, May 15, 2025

From St Marys Lake to Burley Corners, this EF0 tornado ran 8.5 miles across Calhoun County on May 15, 2025, touching down at 11:11 PM EDT and reaching 200 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
EF0
Date
May 15, 2025
Touchdown
11:11 PM EDT (03:11 UTC)
Lifted
11:18 PM EDT (03:18 UTC)
On the ground
7 minutes
Path length
8.5 miles (13.7 km)
Path width
200 yards (183 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
County
Calhoun County
Touchdown point
42.380, -85.200
Lift-off point
42.414, -85.042
Record number
2505152111-01

The damage survey

28 damage points were recorded along this path by NWS GRR, in the Damage Assessment Toolkit the survey teams carry. The strongest indicator was rated EF0. The highest wind the damage implies is 85 mph.

  • No damage noted to homes - only trees in this area.

Survey points are preliminary and are the raw material the published rating was built from. Source: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit.

What the Weather Service recorded

A severe weather outbreak occurred on May 15-16 across lower Michigan that brought 8 tornadoes to the Grand Rapids forecast area and saw straight line winds in excess of 100 mph impact counties along the Lake Michigan shore on May 15. Large hail also occurred with storms on May 16. Tens of thousands were without power, some for several days due to the widespread nature of this severe weather event.

The tornado resulted in mostly tree damage along its 8.5 mile path. It began just west of Saint Marys Lake and traveled just south of the lake and remained very |close to Saint Marys Lake Road before working off to the northeast. It lifted off near 13 mile road just west of Mud Lake in Calhoun County.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

9 minutes of warning. NWS GRR issued a tornado warning for this county at 03:02 UTC, 9 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 03:45 UTC.

The county was under a tornado watch, issued at 00:22 UTC and running to 04:43 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
00:22 UTC04:43 UTCTornado WatchGRR
03:01 UTC04:00 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRR
03:02 UTC03:45 UTCTornado WarningGRR

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Enhanced Risk, with a 0.10 chance of a tornado within 25 miles, in the hatched area where significant tornadoes were expected. The outlook in force was issued at 01:00 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Detroit, MI (KDTX), 00:00Z

3.2 hours before the tornado, 143 km from the path. May 16, 2025.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Detroit, MI at 00:00Z on 2025-05-16Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1413 joules per kilogram, CIN -24, lifted condensation level 1102 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Detroit, MI at 00:00Z on 2025-05-16The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 116 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 32 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1413 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-24 J/kg
Surface CAPE
2003 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1102 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
32 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
18 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
116 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
216 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.8
Supercell composite
5.8
0-3 km lapse rate
6.5 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Detroit, MI (KDTX), 12:00Z

8.8 hours after it, 143 km from the path. May 16, 2025.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Detroit, MI at 12:00Z on 2025-05-16Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -11075, lifted condensation level 1974 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Detroit, MI at 12:00Z on 2025-05-16The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -110 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 35 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-11075 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1974 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
35 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
26 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-110 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
-90 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
3.5 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The radar

The Grand Rapids radar (KGRR), 65 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 03:09 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

What was reported nearby

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

Time (UTC)ReportWhereCountyRemark
01:54 UTCTSTM WND DMG4 Ene OrangevilleBarry, MITrees uprooted and siding torn off of home.
02:37 UTCTSTM WND DMGDorrAllegan, MINumerous healthy trees down in Dorr Township. Time estimated from radar.
02:37 UTCTSTM WND DMGDorrAllegan, MIEight large pine trees down on a property in Dorr. Location is within a TDS on radar. Time is estimated.
02:37 UTCTSTM WND DMGDorrAllegan, MIEight large pine trees down on a property in Dorr. Location is within a TDS on radar. Time is estimated.
02:37 UTCTSTM WND DMGDorrAllegan, MIEight large pine trees down on a property in Dorr. Location is within a TDS on radar. Time is estimated.
02:38 UTCTSTM WND DMGWaylandAllegan, MIExtensive structural damage to house from a falling tree. WOODTV report. Time estimated from radar.
02:41 UTCTSTM WND DMG3 Wsw MartinAllegan, MICorrects previous tstm wnd dmg report from 3 WSW Martin. Schnable Lake area west of Martin sustained damage with at least one camper flipped over. WOODTV report. Time estimated from radar.
02:41 UTCTSTM WND DMG3 Wsw MartinAllegan, MISchnable Lake area west of Martin sustained damage with multiple trees snapped or down, at least one boat flipped out of the water, and at least one camper flipped over. WOODTV report. Time estimated from radar.
02:41 UTCTORNADO3 Wsw MartinAllegan, MIThis EF-1 tornado with estimated top winds of 95 MPH developed near the intersection of 114th Ave and N 16th Street where a power pole was pushed over. The developing tornado crossed Schnable Lake and heavily damaged the
02:47 UTCTSTM WND DMG1 Sw CaledoniaKent, MITrees snapped and uprooted in Caledonia. WOODTV report. Time estimated from radar.
02:47 UTCTSTM WND DMG3 N OrangevilleBarry, MIBoat flipped on Gun Lake. WOODTV report.
02:49 UTCTSTM WND DMG1 Nne KalamazooKalamazoo, MITree across road.
02:49 UTCTSTM WND DMG2 Ssw CaledoniaKent, MIShingles off of gazebo.
02:50 UTCTSTM WND DMGKalamazooKalamazoo, MIWOODTV reports the Comerica Bank building in downtown Kalamazoo had some paneling and insulation removed. Time estimated from radar.
02:50 UTCTORNADO2 Nne OrangevilleBarry, MIAn EF-1 tornado with top winds of 100 mph crossed the most southern part of Gun Lake traveling to the northeast before ending northeast of the Otis Sanctuary. Mostly tree damage was observed along the path, though severa
02:51 UTCTORNADO2 E CaledoniaKent, MIAn EF-1 tornado developed just east of the Thornapple River northeast of Caledonia. There it tracked northeast with the peak damage near Campbell Lake where houses sustained roof damage. The track continued northeast cro
02:53 UTCTSTM WND DMGComstockKalamazoo, MITree on home. WOODTV report. Time estimated from radar.
02:55 UTCTSTM WND DMG3 Sw AltoKent, MITrees down.
02:58 UTCTSTM WND DMG2 W KalamazooKalamazoo, MITrees and wires down across road.
02:58 UTCTSTM WND DMG2 W KalamazooKalamazoo, MI
02:59 UTCTSTM WND DMGFreeportBarry, MITree on house near Freeport. WOODTV report. Time estimated from radar.
02:59 UTCTORNADO1 Ene GalesburgKalamazoo, MIThe EF0 tornado resulted in mainly tree damage along its 10 mile path. More concentrated tree damage occurred near the beginning and the end of the path with intermittent damage in between. Several structures had minor d
03:00 UTCTSTM WND DMG3 Ne MattawanKalamazoo, MIPublic report of trees down across Red Arrow Highway near S 1st Street close to the Van Buren/Kalamazoo County line.
03:00 UTCTSTM WND DMG3 Ne MattawanKalamazoo, MIPublic report of trees down across Red Arrow Highway near S 1st Street close to the Van Buren/Kalamazoo County line.
03:00 UTCTSTM WND DMG3 Ne MattawanKalamazoo, MIPublic report of trees down across Red Arrow Highway near S 1st Street close to the Van Buren/Kalamazoo County line.
03:00 UTCTSTM WND DMGGalesburgKalamazoo, MIShingles torn off roof.
03:06 UTCTSTM WND DMG2 Ne PortageKalamazoo, MISeveral trees down, 12-20 inch diameter. Time estimated from radar.
03:06 UTCTSTM WND DMG2 Ne PortageKalamazoo, MISeveral trees down, 12-20 inch diameter. Time estimated from radar.
03:06 UTCTSTM WND DMG2 Ne PortageKalamazoo, MISeveral trees down, 12-20 inch diameter. Time estimated from radar.
03:07 UTCTSTM WND GST 663 Ne PortageKalamazoo, MIKalamazoo ASOS.
03:07 UTCTSTM WND GST 663 Ne PortageKalamazoo, MIKalamazoo ASOS.
03:09 UTCTSTM WND GST 761 Ssw SpringfieldCalhoun, MIPeak gust at Battle Creek ASOS before going offline.
03:09 UTCTSTM WND GST 761 Ssw SpringfieldCalhoun, MIPeak gust at Battle Creek ASOS before going offline.
03:10 UTCTSTM WND DMG2 Nnw Battle CreekCalhoun, MISeveral trees down at Hubbard St and Waubascon Rd. Time estimated.
03:10 UTCTSTM WND DMG2 Nnw Battle CreekCalhoun, MISeveral trees down at Hubbard St and Waubascon Rd. Time estimated.
03:10 UTCTSTM WND DMG2 Nnw Battle CreekCalhoun, MISeveral trees down at Hubbard St and Waubascon Rd. Time estimated.
03:10 UTCTSTM WND DMG2 S BanfieldBarry, MIBoat flipped on Fine Lake, southeast of Delton. WOODTV report. Time estimated.
03:11 UTCTORNADO2 Se BedfordCalhoun, MIThe EF0 tornado resulted in mostly tree damage along its 8.5 mile path. It began just west of Saint Marys Lake and traveled just south of the lake and remained very close to Saint Marys Lake Road before working off to th
03:13 UTCTSTM WND DMG3 Sw IoniaIonia, MISeveral uprooted trees along W Tuttle Rd.
03:16 UTCTSTM WND DMG3 Nw KalamoEaton, MITrees snapped with multiple trees across roads.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2025 tornado in MichiganEvery tornado in Michigan since 1950Warnings in force in Michigan nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of May 15, 2025

34 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
May 151:05 PM CDTEF0Chippewa, MN4.025
May 151:28 PM CDTEF0Swift, MN0.540
May 151:34 PM CDTEF1Swift, MN2.750
May 152:43 PM CDTEF0Stearns, MN2.850
May 153:08 PM CDTUnratedCass, ND0.120
May 153:26 PM CDTEF2Saint Croix, WI3.9120
May 154:05 PM CDTEF0Sauk, WI0.120$5,000
May 154:28 PM CDTUnratedPembina, ND0.120
May 154:42 PM CDTUnratedColumbia, WI1.220
May 154:47 PM CDTEF1Clark, WI0.8100
May 154:55 PM CDTEF0Clark, WI2.475$1,000
May 155:08 PM CDTEF1Clark, WI2.4100$45,000
May 155:09 PM CDTUnratedPolk, MN0.110
May 155:21 PM CDTEF2Clark, WI4.6230$725,000
May 155:32 PM CDTEF1Dodge, WI6.6100$135,000
May 155:38 PM CDTEF2Dodge, WI11.55001$2.5 million
May 155:41 PM CDTEF0Marathon, WI2.565
May 155:48 PM CDTEF1Dodge, WI4.275$1.2 million
May 155:52 PM CDTEF0Portage, WI5.245
May 155:57 PM CDTEF2Dodge, WI8.3300$3.4 million
May 156:08 PM CDTEF1Dodge, WI2.150$10,000
May 156:09 PM CDTEF1Dodge, WI1.550$45,000
May 157:22 PM EDTEF0Dare, NC0.8100
May 1510:24 PM EDTEF0Ottawa, MI3.550
May 1510:28 PM EDTEF1Allegan, MI5.4175
May 1510:41 PM EDTEF1Allegan, MI8.3200
May 1510:50 PM EDTEF1Barry, MI6.8200
May 1510:51 PM EDTEF1Kent, MI14.9100
May 1510:59 PM EDTEF0Kalamazoo, MI10.1200
May 1511:25 PM EDTEF1Eaton, MI15.7250
May 1512:03 AM EDTEF1Livingston, MI1.9230
May 1512:05 AM EDTEF0Saginaw, MI1.6250$150,000
May 1512:11 AM EDTEF0Saginaw, MI3.4160
May 1512:35 AM EDTEF0Genesee, MI1.2100

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.