Tornadoes · United States · Michigan · 1986

F0 tornado, Wayne County, Michigan, September 28, 1986

This F0 tornado ran 0.2 miles across Wayne County on September 28, 1986, touching down at 12:45 AM EDT and reaching 10 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $50 to $500 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F0
Date
September 28, 1986
Touchdown
12:45 AM EDT (04:45 UTC)
Path length
0.2 miles (0.3 km)
Path width
10 yards (9 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$50 to $500
County
Wayne County
Touchdown point
42.380, -83.370
Record number
702

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down.

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Detroit, MI (KFNT), 00:00Z

4.8 hours before the tornado, 38 km from the path. September 29, 1986.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Detroit, MI at 00:00Z on 1986-09-29Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1626 joules per kilogram, CIN -9, lifted condensation level 984 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Detroit, MI at 00:00Z on 1986-09-29The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 81 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 36 knots.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1626 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-9 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1795 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
984 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
36 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
13 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
81 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
118 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.5
Supercell composite
3.9
0-3 km lapse rate
6.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Detroit, MI (KFNT), 12:00Z

7.2 hours after it, 38 km from the path. September 29, 1986.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Detroit, MI at 12:00Z on 1986-09-29Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1291 joules per kilogram, CIN -76, lifted condensation level 725 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Detroit, MI at 12:00Z on 1986-09-29The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 346 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 45 knots.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1291 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-76 J/kg
Surface CAPE
16 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
725 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
45 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
43 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
346 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
331 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
9.9
0-3 km lapse rate
4.6 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Detroit/Wayne (DTW), 17 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
03:00 UTC7469180° 4 kt1017.6
04:00 UTC7368140° 4 kt1017.3FG
05:00 UTC7369170° 7 kt1017.3FG
05:36 UTC300° 7 kt241018.6
06:00 UTC7064320° 20 kt321018.6TSRA FGSS

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1986 tornado in MichiganEvery tornado in Michigan since 1950Warnings in force in Michigan nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of September 28, 1986

6 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
September 285:23 PM CDTF2Jefferson, WI9.01001$500,000 to $5 million
September 285:34 PM CDTF4Polk, IA20.0250$500,000 to $5 million
September 286:15 PM CDTF0Winnebago, IL0.210
September 287:05 PM CDTF1Clay, IA0.113$5,000 to $50,000
September 287:35 PM CDTF0Webster, IA0.113
September 289:45 PM CDTF2Floyd, IA0.2232$50,000 to $500,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.