Tornadoes · United States · Kansas · 1995

F0 tornado, Whitelaw to Horace, Kansas, May 16, 1995

From Whitelaw to Horace, this F0 tornado ran 0.1 miles across Greeley County on May 16, 1995, touching down at 9:45 PM MDT and reaching 20 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F0
Date
May 16, 1995
Touchdown
9:45 PM MDT (03:45 UTC)
Path length
0.1 miles (0.2 km)
Path width
20 yards (18 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
County
Greeley County
Touchdown point
38.600, -101.580
Record number
416

What the Weather Service recorded

Brief tornado over open country.

Several public reports of brief tornado over open country.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

28 minutes of warning. NWS GLD issued a tornado warning for this county at 03:17 UTC, 28 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 04:05 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
03:09 UTC04:15 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningGLD
03:17 UTC04:05 UTCTornado WarningGLD
04:04 UTC04:47 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningGLD

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 06:01 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Dodge City, (KDDC), 00:00Z

3.8 hours before the tornado, 173 km from the path. May 17, 1995.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Dodge City, at 00:00Z on 1995-05-17Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 3022 joules per kilogram, CIN -33, lifted condensation level 1366 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Dodge City, at 00:00Z on 1995-05-17The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -1 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 51 knots.1939587897117Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
3022 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-33 J/kg
Surface CAPE
4478 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1366 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
51 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
3 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-1 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
28 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
-0.1
Supercell composite
-1.1
0-3 km lapse rate
8.0 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Dodge City, (KDDC), 12:00Z

8.2 hours after it, 173 km from the path. May 17, 1995.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Dodge City, at 12:00Z on 1995-05-17Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -80691, lifted condensation level 1141 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Dodge City, at 12:00Z on 1995-05-17The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 217 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 84 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-80691 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1141 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
84 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
16 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
217 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
236 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
3.4 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The radar

The Goodland radar (KGLD), 86 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 03:46 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1995 tornado in KansasEvery tornado in Kansas since 1950Warnings in force in Kansas nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of May 16, 1995

20 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
May 164:40 PM CDTF0Jefferson, NE2.0100$5,000 to $50,000
May 165:16 PM CDTF3Finney, KS10.0800$50,000 to $500,000
May 165:25 PM CDTF0Gage, NE0.110$500 to $5,000
May 165:30 PM CDTF0Gage, NE0.110
May 165:40 PM CDTF0Finney, KS2.0100
May 165:50 PM CDTF0Finney, KS1.0500
May 167:39 PM CDTF2Hodgeman, KS2.5200
May 167:46 PM CDTF3Hodgeman, KS7.01,000
May 167:49 PM CDTF0Hodgeman, KS2.0100
May 167:50 PM CDTF0Hodgeman, KS0.130
May 167:57 PM CDTF0Hodgeman, KS0.1100
May 168:12 PM CDTF0Hodgeman, KS1.5100
May 168:15 PM CDTF0Wabaunsee, KS0.550$5,000 to $50,000
May 167:50 PM MDTF1Cheyenne, CO0.230$500 to $5,000
May 169:30 PM CDTF1Douglas, KS10.0100$500,000 to $5 million
May 169:50 PM CDTF1Johnson, KS1.0602$5,000 to $50,000
May 169:40 PM MDTF0Sherman, KS0.220
May 169:58 PM MDTF0Bent, CO1.073
May 1610:31 PM MDTF0Greeley, KS0.120
May 1612:45 AM CDTF1Miami, KS8.0735$50,000 to $500,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.