Tornadoes · United States · Kansas · 1993

F1 tornado, Jackson County, Kansas, May 6, 1993

This F1 tornado ran 5.0 miles across Jackson County on May 6, 1993, touching down at 6:00 PM CDT and reaching 250 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $50,000 to $500,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F1
Date
May 6, 1993
Touchdown
6:00 PM CDT (23:00 UTC)
Path length
5.0 miles (8.0 km)
Path width
250 yards (229 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$50,000 to $500,000
County
Jackson County
Touchdown point
39.430, -96.020
Lift-off point
39.470, -95.970
Record number
222

The warnings

21 minutes of warning. NWS TOP issued a tornado warning for this county at 22:39 UTC, 21 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 23:30 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
22:39 UTC23:30 UTCTornado WarningTOP
23:21 UTC00:15 UTCTornado WarningTOP

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Moderate Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 06:58 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Topeka, KS (KTOP), 12:00Z

11.0 hours before the tornado, 59 km from the path. May 6, 1993.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Topeka, KS at 12:00Z on 1993-05-06Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 843 joules per kilogram, CIN -37, lifted condensation level 802 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Topeka, KS at 12:00Z on 1993-05-06The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -15 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 31 knots.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
843 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-37 J/kg
Surface CAPE
52 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
802 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
31 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
33 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-15 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
-15 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
-0.3
0-3 km lapse rate
4.6 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Topeka, KS (KTOP), 00:00Z

1.0 hours after it, 59 km from the path. May 7, 1993.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Topeka, KS at 00:00Z on 1993-05-07Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1824 joules per kilogram, CIN -7, lifted condensation level 702 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Topeka, KS at 00:00Z on 1993-05-07The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 367 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 54 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1824 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-7 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1303 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
702 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
54 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
32 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
367 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
535 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
5.3
Supercell composite
19.5
0-3 km lapse rate
5.8 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Topeka (Top) (TOP), 53 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
21:00 UTC7067140° 16 kt211011.9TSRA
21:07 UTC70.8867140° 18 kt241011.5
22:00 UTC7166130° 13 kt1010.5
22:41 UTC7065120° 14 kt1009.1
23:00 UTC7065130° 14 kt1009.5TSRA
23:35 UTC6967140° 16 kt1009.5
00:00 UTC7067170° 10 kt1010.5-TSRA
00:04 UTC70.8865.84180° 11 kt1010.2

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1993 tornado in KansasEvery tornado in Kansas since 1950Warnings in force in Kansas nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of May 6, 1993

20 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
May 62:47 PM CDTF1Lyon, MN4.070
May 63:42 PM CDTF1Carter, OK8.0501$5,000 to $50,000
May 64:45 PM CDTF0Carter, OK0.120
May 65:28 PM CDTF1Pottawatomie, KS3.5100$50,000 to $500,000
May 65:44 PM CDTF1Wabaunsee, KS13.0100$50,000 to $500,000
May 65:47 PM CDTF2Nemaha, KS23.0440$500,000 to $5 million
May 66:20 PM CDTF1Richardson, NE8.073$50 to $500
May 66:50 PM CDTF2Brown, KS8.0300$50,000 to $500,000
May 66:55 PM CDTF2Atchison, KS12.0500$50,000 to $500,000
May 66:56 PM CDTF0Osage, KS1.5100
May 66:58 PM CDTF0Franklin, KS0.330
May 67:25 PM CDTF0Franklin, KS0.373
May 67:27 PM CDTF1Brown, KS6.0100$50,000 to $500,000
May 67:45 PM CDTF0Douglas, KS1.073
May 68:08 PM CDTF0Shawnee, KS0.330
May 68:26 PM CDTF0Leavenworth, KS0.120$500 to $5,000
May 68:58 PM CDTF0Clay, MO10.050$500 to $5,000
May 69:00 PM CDTF0Nodaway, MO0.320$5,000 to $50,000
May 69:05 PM CDTF2Taylor, IA9.070$50,000 to $500,000
May 610:10 PM CDTF1Clinton, MO1.250$5,000 to $50,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.