Tornadoes · United States · Kansas · 1977
F1 tornado, Pawnee County, Kansas, July 28, 1977
This F1 tornado ran 2.7 miles across Pawnee County on July 28, 1977, touching down at 3:30 PM CDT and reaching 23 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $500 to $5,000 of property damage.
The rating scale
Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.
F040 to 72 mph
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
F173 to 112 mphthis tornado
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
F2113 to 157 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
F3158 to 206 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
F4207 to 260 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
F5261 to 318 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.
The record
- Rating
- F1, estimated from the damage record rather than surveyed
- Date
- July 28, 1977
- Touchdown
- 3:30 PM CDT (20:30 UTC)
- Path length
- 2.7 miles (4.3 km)
- Path width
- 23 yards (21 m)
- Deaths
- 0
- Injuries
- 0
- Property damage
- $500 to $5,000
- County
- Pawnee County
- Touchdown point
- 38.280, -99.130
- Lift-off point
- 38.250, -99.100
- Record number
- 621
The air that afternoon
The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.
Dodge City, (KDDC), 12:00Z
8.5 hours before the tornado, 88 km from the path. July 28, 1977.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 590 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -183 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 21 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1054 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 15 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 12 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 59 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 52 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 4.2 K/km
Dodge City, (KDDC), 00:00Z
3.5 hours after it, 88 km from the path. July 29, 1977.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 610 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -142 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 597 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1467 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 35 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 22 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 62 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 111 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- -0.0
- Supercell composite
- -0.1
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 6.4 K/km
This ground now
The live radar over the trackEvery 1977 tornado in KansasEvery tornado in Kansas since 1950Warnings in force in Kansas nowThe forecast where you are
The other tornadoes of July 28, 1977
2 more were confirmed in the United States that day.
What this means
Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.
Sources
NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.