EF1 tornado, Hackleman to Upland, Indiana, April 19, 2011

1. EF065 to 85 mph

   Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

2. EF186 to 110 mphthis tornado

   Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

3. EF2111 to 135 mph

   Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

4. EF3136 to 165 mph

   Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

5. EF4166 to 200 mph

   Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

6. EF5over 200 mph

   Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

7. Unrated

   The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

Rating

EF1

Date

April 19, 2011

Touchdown

10:48 PM EDT (02:48 UTC)

Lifted

10:51 PM EDT (02:51 UTC)

On the ground

3 minutes

Path length

2.9 miles (4.7 km)

Path width

50 yards (46 m)

Deaths

0

Injuries

0

County

Grant County

Touchdown point

40.452, -85.537

Lift-off point

40.481, -85.498

Record number

1104192048-02

A warm front attempted to move in during the day, but a strong easterly flow and extensive low clouds and fog did not allow the boundary to mix northward. Low pressure moved from Missouri towards northern Indiana during the evening hours. A line of strong to severe storms initiated ahead of the low and along the warm front and moved into southern parts of the area. A strong low level jet allowed for temperatures and moisture above the surface to increase, causing elevated instability. Damage occurred across several counties in southern portions with much of it occurring at tree top and roof levels, suggesting winds could not fully mix down. Surveys of several areas indicated that brief circulations were embedded within these wind damage swaths, leading to the confirmation of several weak tornadoes.

A survey of damage in Grant County indicated that a circulation touched down roughly two miles southwest of Fairmount. The circulation touched down at a residence in the 10,000 block of County Road South 200 West. The back side of the roof of the residence was ripped off, along with some siding stripped and windows broken. Debris from the property was carried into the adjacent field. The tornado continued northeast where other residences as well as trees suffered varying degrees of damage. The tornado lifted near the intersection of State Routes 26 and 9. Damage found was consistent with winds between 100 and 110 mph.

A survey of damage indicated a second circulation touched down three miles southwest of Upland and lifted just to the west northwest of Upland. Minor home damage occurred as well as several hardwood trees being snapped. Winds are consistent with speeds of 90 to 95 mph.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down.

The county was under a severe thunderstorm watch, issued at 01:37 UTC and running to 02:53 UTC.

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Moderate Risk, with a 0.10 chance of a tornado within 25 miles, in the hatched area where significant tornadoes were expected. The outlook in force was issued at 01:10 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

The Northern Indiana radar (KIWX), 100 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 02:46 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

The live radar over the trackEvery 2011 tornado in IndianaEvery tornado in Indiana since 1950Warnings in force in Indiana nowThe forecast where you are

69 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

All 70 of them

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.