Tornadoes · United States · Indiana · 1996

F2 tornado, Yankeetown, Indiana, April 19, 1996

This F2 tornado ran 2.0 miles across Warrick County on April 19, 1996, touching down at 11:40 PM CDT and reaching 100 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $500,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mphthis tornado

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F2
Date
April 19, 1996
Touchdown
11:40 PM CDT (04:40 UTC)
Path length
2.0 miles (3.2 km)
Path width
100 yards (91 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$500,000
County
Warrick County
Touchdown point
37.920, -87.330
Lift-off point
37.920, -87.300
Record number
161

What the Weather Service recorded

The damage path was from the Ohio River east across a major manufacturing plant. The tornado tracked just south of State Route 66 and immediately north of the Ohio River. About $250,000 damage occurred to one building at the plant. Five railroad box cars were overturned, 2 metal culverts were lifted and moved 25 feet, and several other buildings at the plant were damaged. Two mobile homes were destroyed.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down.

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Moderate Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 06:07 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), 00:00Z

4.7 hours before the tornado, 209 km from the path. April 20, 1996.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Nashville Metro, TN at 00:00Z on 1996-04-20Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 689 joules per kilogram, CIN -183, lifted condensation level 967 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Nashville Metro, TN at 00:00Z on 1996-04-20The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 163 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 55 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
689 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-183 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1042 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
967 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
55 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
18 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
163 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
275 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.1
Supercell composite
1.0
0-3 km lapse rate
5.9 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), 12:00Z

7.3 hours after it, 209 km from the path. April 20, 1996.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Nashville Metro, TN at 12:00Z on 1996-04-20Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 32 joules per kilogram, CIN -238, lifted condensation level 882 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Nashville Metro, TN at 12:00Z on 1996-04-20The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -99 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 66 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
32 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-238 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
882 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
66 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
34 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-99 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
86 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.8
0-3 km lapse rate
4.6 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Evansville (EVV), 23 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
03:00 UTC7263190° 14 kt1001.4
03:39 UTC7363180° 15 kt211001.7+TSRA -RA
04:00 UTC7263190° 13 kt1000.7-TSRA
04:33 UTC6965240° 32 kt391004.7+TSRA -RA FZFG
04:36 UTC +TSRA +RA
04:45 UTC +TSRA +RA
05:00 UTC6359270° 13 kt1003-TSRA
05:23 UTC6159230° 10 kt1005.4+TSRA +RA FZFG
05:46 UTC6159230° 5 kt1004.4+TSRA -RA FZFG
06:00 UTC6159240° 8 kt1004.4TSRA FG

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1996 tornado in IndianaEvery tornado in Indiana since 1950Warnings in force in Indiana nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of April 19, 1996

59 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
April 194:20 PM CDTF0Coles, IL0.1100
April 194:35 PM CDTF0Coles, IL0.1100
April 195:10 PM CDTF1Edgar, IL2.0440
April 195:12 PM CDTF0Edgar, IL1.0220
April 195:40 PM CDTF1LaSalle, IL0.550
April 195:44 PM CDTF0Scott, IL2.0100
April 195:45 PM CDTF0Monroe, IL1.050$2,000
April 196:00 PM CDTF0Henderson, IL5.050$4.0 million
April 196:07 PM CDTF2Mason, IL9.02501
April 196:10 PM CDTF1Henderson, IL3.5100$4.0 million
April 196:10 PM CDTF0Peoria, IL4.0100
April 196:17 PM CDTF1Mason, IL9.0250
April 196:18 PM CDTF2Morgan, IL6.08801$400,000
April 196:20 PM CDTF0Saint Clair, IL1.550$10,000
April 196:25 PM CDTF0Kankakee, IL4.020
April 196:31 PM CDTF0Morgan, IL0.1100
April 196:32 PM CDTF0Sangamon, IL4.0330$250,000
April 196:58 PM CDTF3Logan, IL9.4880$2.0 million
April 197:00 PM CDTF0Randolph, IL1.560$1,000
April 197:00 PM CDTF0Sainte Genevieve, MO0.350
April 197:00 PM CDTF1Henry, IL3.51004$20 million
April 197:01 PM CDTF0Kankakee, IL5.020
April 197:22 PM CDTF3Macon, IL14.544029$9.0 million
April 197:30 PM CDTF0Coryell, TX0.120$4,000
April 197:35 PM CDTF2Marion, IL20.01507$7.0 million
April 197:38 PM CDTF2Hunt, TX0.550$150,000
April 197:40 PM CDTF0Bureau, IL0.110
April 197:40 PM ESTF1Morgan, IN5.01005$4.0 million
April 197:55 PM CDTF1Piatt, IL0.350$500,000
April 197:59 PM CDTF0Randolph, IL2.070$10,000
April 198:00 PM CDTF1Piatt, IL2.03001$1.0 million
April 198:05 PM CDTF1Marion, IL3.050$70,000
April 198:10 PM CDTF0Clay, IL2.050
April 198:12 PM CDTF0Randolph, IL3.070$10,000
April 198:15 PM CDTF0Randolph, IL2.050$10,000
April 198:17 PM CDTF0Jackson, IA0.110$10,000
April 198:17 PM CDTF0Clinton, IA0.225
April 198:20 PM CDTF1Perry, IL2.5100$70,000
April 198:20 PM CDTF1Marion, IL11.580$150,000
April 198:34 PM CDTF3Champaign, IL4.022012$9.0 million
April 198:50 PM ESTF1Marshall, IN1.020
April 198:55 PM CDTF3Champaign, IL2.01,500113
April 199:05 PM ESTF1Marshall, IN0.520
April 199:08 PM CDTF0Vermilion, IL0.1100
April 199:10 PM CDTF0Madison, MO0.350
April 199:15 PM CDTF3Hamilton, IL17.0400$3.2 million
April 199:30 PM CDTF3Perry, MO11.5175$5.0 million
April 199:30 PM CDTF1White, IL1.0100$1.0 million
April 199:52 PM ESTF0Kosciusko, IN0.120
April 1910:00 PM CDTF2Ripley, MO10.0100$100,000
April 1910:05 PM CDTF2Butler, MO2.575$300,000
April 1910:15 PM ESTF0Knox, IN1.050$150,000
April 1911:03 PM CDTF1Stoddard, MO0.650$700,000
April 1911:32 PM CDTF2Lake, IL2.01002$6.6 million
April 1911:42 PM ESTF2Pike, IN0.8100$200,000
April 1911:57 PM ESTF0Lawrence, IN1.075$100,000
April 1912:05 AM ESTF0Jackson, IN1.050$150,000
April 1912:45 AM ESTF1Bartholomew, IN1.050$250,000
April 1912:55 AM ESTF0Decatur, IN0.150

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.