Tornadoes · United States · Illinois · 2020

Unrated tornado, Cambridge, Illinois, March 28, 2020

This Unrated tornado ran 1.1 miles across Henry County on March 28, 2020, touching down at 7:43 PM CDT and reaching 10 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unratedthis tornado

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
Unrated
Date
March 28, 2020
Touchdown
7:43 PM CDT (00:43 UTC)
Lifted
7:44 PM CDT (00:44 UTC)
On the ground
1 minutes
Path length
1.1 miles (1.7 km)
Path width
10 yards (9 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
County
Henry County
Touchdown point
41.280, -90.240
Lift-off point
41.296, -90.231
Record number
2003281843-01

The damage survey

4 damage points were recorded along this path by NWS DVN and NWS ILX, in the Damage Assessment Toolkit the survey teams carry. The highest wind the damage implies is 70 mph.

  • Delayed chaser report. Open field. No damage.
  • Tornado end. Delayed chaser report in open field. No damage.

Survey points are preliminary and are the raw material the published rating was built from. Source: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit.

What the Weather Service recorded

A strong low pressure system tracked from southwest Iowa to north central Iowa Saturday afternoon and evening. Storms developed and moved across a warm front in the area that resulted in two tornadoes touching down in northwest Illinois.Two additional tornadoes were reported in eastern Iowa.

Spotter reports and photos confirm that a brief tornado occurred southwest of Cambridge Illinois on Saturday evening. There was no observable damage from which the NWS could assign an EF-scale rating for the tornado.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

10 minutes of warning. NWS DVN issued a tornado warning for this county at 00:33 UTC, 10 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 01:15 UTC.

The county was under a tornado watch, issued at 19:48 UTC and running to 02:00 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
07:10 UTC09:23 UTCFlood WarningDVN
19:48 UTC02:00 UTCTornado WatchDVN
22:29 UTC23:00 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningDVN
22:52 UTC23:30 UTCTornado WarningDVN
00:27 UTC01:15 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningDVN
00:33 UTC01:15 UTCTornado WarningDVN
01:07 UTC01:45 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningDVN
01:20 UTC01:24 UTCTornado WarningDVN
08:00 UTC00:00 UTCWind AdvisoryDVN
12:00 UTC13:36 UTCFlood WarningDVN

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Moderate Risk, with a 0.15 chance of a tornado within 25 miles, in the hatched area where significant tornadoes were expected. The outlook in force was issued at 20:06 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Davenport, (KDVN), 00:00Z

0.7 hours before the tornado, 43 km from the path. March 29, 2020.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Davenport, at 00:00Z on 2020-03-29Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 504 joules per kilogram, CIN -27, lifted condensation level 963 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Davenport, at 00:00Z on 2020-03-29The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 480 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 88 knots.1939587897117136156Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
504 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-27 J/kg
Surface CAPE
915 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
963 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
88 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
44 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
480 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
520 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
1.7
Supercell composite
9.3
0-3 km lapse rate
5.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Davenport, (KDVN), 12:00Z

11.3 hours after it, 43 km from the path. March 29, 2020.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Davenport, at 12:00Z on 2020-03-29Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -86259, lifted condensation level 614 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Davenport, at 12:00Z on 2020-03-29The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 99 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 33 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-86259 J/kg
Surface CAPE
9 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
614 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
33 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
22 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
99 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
89 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
4.1 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The radar

The Quad Cities radar (KDVN), 46 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 00:45 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

What was reported nearby

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

Time (UTC)ReportWhereCountyRemark
22:38 UTCFUNNEL CLOUD1 W OneidaKnox, ILCONE FUNNEL WITH RAPID ROTATION.
00:43 UTCTORNADO3 Ese AndoverHenry, ILSPOTTER REPORTS AND PHOTOS CONFIRM A BRIEF TORNADO SOUTHWEST OF CAMBRIDGE SATURDAY EVENING. THERE WAS NO OBSERVABLE DAMAGE FROM WHICH THE NWS COULD ASSIGN AN EF-SCALE RATING FOR THE TORNADO.
00:45 UTCTORNADO1 W CambridgeHenry, ILPUBLIC REPORT RELAYED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT.
01:20 UTCTORNADO2 E Leon CornersWhiteside, ILAN EF-1 TORNADO CAUSED OUTBUILDING DAMAGE AND UPROOTED TREES AT A FARMSTEAD IN SOUTHERN WHITESIDE COUNTY. THE TORNADO MOVED NORTHEAST AND FLIPPED A FARM IRRIGATOR BEFORE LIFTING.
01:21 UTCTORNADO2 E Leon CornersWhiteside, ILCORRECTS TIME. AN EF-1 TORNADO CAUSED OUTBUILDING DAMAGE AND UPROOTED TREES AT A FARMSTEAD IN SOUTHERN WHITESIDE COUNTY. THE TORNADO MOVED NORTHEAST AND FLIPPED A FARM IRRIGATOR BEFORE LIFTING.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2020 tornado in IllinoisEvery tornado in Illinois since 1950Warnings in force in Illinois nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of March 28, 2020

20 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
March 281:59 PM CDTEF1Adams, IA7.5115$125,000
March 284:18 PM CDTEF1Jackson, AR5.3200$200,000
March 284:26 PM CDTEF0Marshall, IA1.375
March 284:58 PM CDTEF3Jonesboro tornado, AR12.560022$300 million
March 285:25 PM CDTEF1Greene, AR3.0100$300,000
March 285:39 PM CDTUnratedKnox, IL0.110
March 285:39 PM CDTUnratedBlack Hawk, IA2.340
March 285:49 PM CDTEF0Black Hawk, IA2.1115$75,000
March 285:55 PM CDTUnratedBlack Hawk, IA0.320
March 286:15 PM CDTEF1Buchanan, IA7.450
March 286:30 PM CDTEF1Fayette, IA3.9140$165,000
March 286:40 PM CDTEF0Fayette, IA3.650$75,000
March 287:58 PM CDTEF2Henderson, KY16.8500$500,000
March 288:01 PM CDTEF1Fulton, IL2.1100$100,000
March 288:18 PM CDTEF2Henderson, KY to IN5.15752$2.0 million
March 288:20 PM CDTEF1Whiteside, IL2.220
March 288:25 PM CDTEF1Dubuque, IA3.850
March 288:35 PM CDTEF1Grant, WI6.2120$180,000
March 288:58 PM CDTEF1Peoria, IL3.350$300,000
March 289:13 PM CDTEF1Ogle, IL7.0400

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.