Tornadoes · United States · Florida · 2004

F0 tornado, Lloyd to Miccosukee, Florida, September 16, 2004

From Lloyd to Miccosukee, this F0 tornado ran 5.5 miles across Jefferson and Leon counties on September 16, 2004, touching down at 5:45 AM EDT and reaching 75 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $50,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F0
Date
September 16, 2004
Touchdown
5:45 AM EDT (09:45 UTC)
Path length
5.5 miles (8.8 km)
Path width
75 yards (69 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$50,000
Counties
Jefferson and Leon counties
Touchdown point
30.520, -83.970
Lift-off point
30.530, -84.030
Record number
1627

What the Weather Service recorded

A weak tornado touched down just south of Lake Miccosukee. It caused minor damage to a home, and downed numerous trees and power lines along its northwestward track toward northeast Leon County. Reported by a NWS employee and the Jefferson County EMA.

The weak tornado moved from northwest Jefferson County into adjacent northeast Leon County. It destroyed a shed and caused minor damage to a home. Some trees were uprooted. Reported by a NWS employee and the Leon County EMA.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

19 minutes of warning. NWS TAE issued a tornado warning for this county at 09:26 UTC, 19 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 10:00 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
09:26 UTC10:00 UTCTornado WarningTAE

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk, with a 0.05 chance of a tornado within 25 miles. The outlook in force was issued at 05:43 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Tallahassee Rgnl, FL (KTLH), 00:00Z

9.8 hours before the tornado, 32 km from the path. September 16, 2004.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Tallahassee Rgnl, FL at 00:00Z on 2004-09-16Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1235 joules per kilogram, CIN -11, lifted condensation level 843 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Tallahassee Rgnl, FL at 00:00Z on 2004-09-16The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 241 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 51 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1235 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-11 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1745 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
843 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
51 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
39 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
241 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
308 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
1.7
Supercell composite
11.2
0-3 km lapse rate
5.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Tallahassee Rgnl, FL (KTLH), 12:00Z

2.2 hours after it, 32 km from the path. September 16, 2004.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Tallahassee Rgnl, FL at 12:00Z on 2004-09-16Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 878 joules per kilogram, CIN -6, lifted condensation level 725 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Tallahassee Rgnl, FL at 12:00Z on 2004-09-16The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 428 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 61 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
878 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-6 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1379 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
725 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
61 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
53 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
428 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
501 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
2.8
Supercell composite
13.3
0-3 km lapse rate
5.5 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The radar

The Tallahassee radar (KTLH), 35 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 09:46 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2004 tornado in FloridaEvery tornado in Florida since 1950Warnings in force in Florida nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of September 16, 2004

31 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
September 162:25 AM CDTF0Pike, AL0.130$2,000
September 162:56 AM CDTF0Barbour, AL0.240$2,000
September 163:05 AM CDTF0Pike, AL0.130$2,000
September 163:49 AM CDTF0Montgomery, AL0.135$3,000
September 165:05 AM CDTF0Barbour, AL0.140$2,000
September 166:00 AM CDTF0Macon, AL0.125$2,000
September 167:30 AM EDTF0Dougherty, GA2.075$70,000
September 169:50 AM EDTF0Taylor, FL0.250$50,000
September 1611:35 AM EDTF0Coffee, GA2.01
September 162:56 PM EDTF0Aiken, SC6.075
September 163:05 PM EDTF1Madison, GA7.0150$1.3 million
September 163:33 PM EDTF0Madison, GA1.050$50,000
September 163:42 PM EDTF0Upson, GA0.150$1,000
September 163:50 PM EDTF2Franklin, GA2.060$1.1 million
September 164:00 PM EDTF1Saluda, SC6.04001
September 164:15 PM EDTF1Franklin, GA3.530$30,000
September 164:21 PM EDTF0Spalding, GA0.250$250,000
September 165:10 PM EDTF1Wilkes, GA7.0500$1.5 million
September 165:12 PM EDTF0Laurens, SC0.520
September 165:18 PM EDTF1Elbert, GA7.5301$100,000
September 165:38 PM EDTF1Elbert, GA1.020$30,000
September 165:45 PM EDTF2Franklin, GA5.55011$70,000
September 165:55 PM EDTF1Cherokee, GA1.04004$300,000
September 166:15 PM EDTF1Hart, GA1.540$10,000
September 166:25 PM EDTF0Anderson, SC0.115
September 166:35 PM EDTF0Oconee, SC5.050$2,000
September 166:40 PM EDTF0Anderson, SC0.110
September 166:55 PM EDTF1Oconee, SC4.550$70,000
September 168:30 PM EDTF1Habersham, GA2.030$2,000
September 169:10 PM EDTF1Screven, GA6.075
September 169:40 PM EDTF1Screven, GA7.050

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.