EF1 tornado, Reid to New Market, Alabama, April 27, 2011

1. EF065 to 85 mph

   Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

2. EF186 to 110 mphthis tornado

   Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

3. EF2111 to 135 mph

   Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

4. EF3136 to 165 mph

   Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

5. EF4166 to 200 mph

   Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

6. EF5over 200 mph

   Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

7. Unrated

   The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

Rating

EF1

Date

April 27, 2011

Touchdown

11:35 AM CDT (16:35 UTC)

Lifted

11:40 AM CDT (16:40 UTC)

On the ground

5 minutes

Path length

3.1 miles (5.0 km)

Path width

100 yards (91 m)

Deaths

0

Injuries

0

Counties

Limestone and Madison counties

Touchdown point

34.785, -86.789

Lift-off point

34.797, -86.737

Record number

1104271035-01

39 damage points were recorded along this path by NWS HUN, in the Damage Assessment Toolkit the survey teams carry. The strongest indicator was rated EF4. The highest wind the damage implies is 198 mph.

Survey points are preliminary and are the raw material the published rating was built from. Source: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit.

A powerful storm system roared across the Southeast United States on Wednesday, April 27, 2011. In the wake of this system, hundreds of people were left injured and/or homeless, along with approximately 100 people who lost their lives in the northern Alabama area alone. Some of the devastation was literally unimaginable with countless homes, neighborhoods and even portions of cities or towns either partially or completely destroyed. This storm system would be responsible for one of the largest and deadliest tornado outbreaks to ever impact much of the southeastern region.| |The powerful storm system that affected the National Weather Service, Huntsville service area would actually occur in three separate waves of severe weather that day. The first occurred during the early morning hours of April 27, 2011 roughly between the hours of 2 AM and 8 AM CDT, while the second occurred during the late-morning to early afternoon period. The third and most devastating wave occurred during the afternoon hours on Wednesday, with some of the most violent and destructive tornadoes to affect the central Tennessee Valley area in recent decades.| |The worst areas impacted by these storms included the towns of Phil Campbell and Oak Grove in eastern Franklin County Alabama, Mt. Hope in western Lawrence County and the Tanner Community in eastern Limestone County. Along a line connecting these areas tracked an EF5 tornado with peak winds around 210 mph, the strongest and most violent on the Enhanced Fujita Scale. ||Other areas impacted by the storms include the city of Cullman, where extensive damage occurred to buildings in the downtown area, and to the town of Fairview, both of which are located in Cullman County. Downstream, further significant damage occurred to the Ruth and Oak Grove communities in Marshall County. In addition, the communities of Rainsville and Sylvania along with the towns of Henagar and Ider in DeKalb County were severely impacted. Fatalities in DeKalb County alone numbered at least 33 people. Furthermore, the towns of Flat Rock, Higdon and Pisgah in Jackson County sustained incredible damage. The tornadoes that affected these areas were rated as an EF4 with maximum winds near 190 mph.||In most of these areas alone, numerous people lost their lives. These represent just several of the communities and towns impacted by the events of April 27, 2011. While the majority of the analysis and survey work conducted by the National Weather Service, Huntsville and its partners have been completed, there will undoubtedly be countless research studies conducted by both academia and operational personnel in order to further evaluate and understand the complex processes associated with this near unprecedented severe weather outbreak.

A tornado of EF-0 intensity produced peak wind speeds up to 70 mph. The tornado formed in associated with a secondary circulation that developed a few miles south of a pre-existing tornado. The second tornado touched down west of the intersection of Huntsville Brown Ferry Road and Neely Road and moved east-northeast before dissipating near Tanner. This weak and brief tornado primarily uprooted trees and caused damage to signage near Tanner High School.

A tornado of EF-1 intensity produced peak wind speeds of up to 110 mph. The tornado touched down south of U.S. Highway 72 and west of County Road 95 in extreme eastern Limestone County, uprooting large hardwood trees prior to crossing Highway 72 near County Road 99A. The tornado tracked to the east-northeast crossing Capshaw Road near Old Railroad Bed Road before moving into Madison County.

This tornado touched down just west of Old Railroad Bed Road producing some roof and shingle damage, before moving into Madison county.

It continued to move to the east-northeast into Madison county and across the Magnolia Springs neighborhood Additional roof and shingle damage was observed along this portion of the track. The most intense damage occurred just east of Vine Cliff Drive, along Water Oak Court, where numerous large trees were snapped at their base. This tornado continued to track to the east-northeast snapping trees and producing some light shingle and gutter damage. The tornado dissipated near Nichols Spring Branch.

A tornado of EF-1 intensity produced peak wind speeds of up to 110 mph. The tornado continued its track from Limestone County near the intersection of Capshaw Road and Old Railroad Bed Road. The tornado snapped trees and removed shingles off homes. The most intense damage occurred between Sam Thomas Road and Wall Triana Highway, producing high end EF-1 damage including numerous snapped power poles, sheared off hardwood trees, and roof and gutter damage.||The tornado crossed State Highway 53 near Douglas Road, snapping numerous hardwood trees and removing shingles. The track continued to the east-northeast across U.S. Highway 231 near Bob Wade Lane producing more roof and tree damage. Several large hardwood trees were snapped in a convergent pattern between Moores Mill Road and Macon Lane before dissipating to the east of Winchester Road in Deposit.

A tornado of EF-1 intensity produced peak wind speeds up to 105 mph. The tornado touched down along the downslope portion of Drake Mountain near the intersection of Pulaski Pike and Cedar Point Drive. A concentrated area of damage consisting of snapped hardwood trees, roof and gutter damage was seen along Cedar Point Drive and Green Meadow Road. Less damage was noted along a ridge that extended from Wade Mountain. Another concentrated area of damage that consisted of tree and roof damage was seen along the downslope portion of Smithers Mountain in the Mount Charron Estates and Valley View Estates neighborhoods. The tornado continued east-northeast with the most notable EF-1 damage occurring along Moores Mill Road north of Winchester Road where numerous hardwood trees were snapped and/or sheared off with a convergent damage/debris pattern. Significant tree and roof damage was noted along Henson Drive, Trailwood Drive and Bradford Lane before the tornado dissipated along Briar Fork Waterway.

A tornado of EF-0 intensity produced peak wind speeds up to 85 mph. The tornado touched down north of Rube Robinson Road just east of Macon Lane while embedded within a larger region of straight-line wind damage associated with a bow echo. Numerous trees were knocked down with many hardwood trees snapped and sheared along its track near Buckhorn High School. The tornado tracked east-northeast across Winchester Road shearing off the top half of numerous hardwood trees before dissipating along the upslope portion of Lewis Mountain.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

17 minutes of warning. NWS HUN issued a tornado warning for this county at 16:18 UTC, 17 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 16:45 UTC.

The county was under a tornado watch, issued at 13:10 UTC and running to 18:45 UTC.

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a High Risk, with a 0.30 chance of a tornado within 25 miles, in the hatched area where significant tornadoes were expected. The outlook in force was issued at 16:29 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

The Northeast Alabama radar (KHTX), 64 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 16:34 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

The live radar over the trackEvery 2011 tornado in AlabamaEvery tornado in Alabama since 1950Warnings in force in Alabama nowThe forecast where you are

209 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

All 210 of them

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.