Flash Flood and Damaging Winds in Nebraska, August 11, 2016

Name: Flash Flood and Damaging Winds in Nebraska, August 11, 2016
Start: 2016-08-11T16:23
End: 2016-08-11T21:01
Location: Nebraska

August 11, 2016 · NWS OAX · 4 events in 4 counties and zones

Where it happened

Every event with a place to put it. Tap one for its entry below.

Tornadoes
Tropical storms and surge
Floods
Wind
Hail
Winter weather
Heat and drought
Cold
Fire, smoke and dust
Marine and coastal
Other

Open the live radar over this ground

The toll

Deaths: 0
Injuries: 0
Property damage: None recorded
Crop damage: None recorded
Events: 4

Deaths and injuries are direct and indirect together, as the offices filed them. Damage is property and crops in the dollars of the year, not adjusted for inflation, and only where an office estimated it.

What happened

The episode as NWS OAX wrote it up.

A cold front slowly worked south into northeast Nebraska and west central Iowa during the afternoon of August 11th as a weak storm system crossed the northern Plains. Although wind shear was weak, strong instability developed across the area as temperatures soared into the 90s with dew points in the 70s. Thunderstorms developed along the cold front in northeast Nebraska by late afternoon and moved southeast across west central Iowa and eastern Nebraska. Other thunderstorms also developed in south central Nebraska and north central Kansas and moved into southeast Nebraska. Isolated severe weather was observed with both lines of thunderstorms, along with heavy rainfall totals.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before the first event, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Omaha, NE wrote its last area forecast discussion before the first event at Aug 11, 2:03 PM CST, 2 hours 20 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Aug 11, 2:03 PM CST, 2 hours 20 minutes before

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Omaha/Valley NE
303 PM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

.SHORT TERM...(tonight through Sunday)
Issued at 303 PM CDT Thu Aug 11 2016

The 12z upper-air analysis revealed a mid to upper-level low
over Saskatchewan with a trailing trough across the Interior
West. These data and current water vapor imagery suggest the
presence of a weak perturbation tracking across South Dakota and
Nebraska, ahead of the primary, western U.S. trough. At the
surface, a cold front stretched from eastern South Dakota to
central Nebraska as of 20z, with an outflow boundary gradually
becoming poorer defined as it lifts north through eastern Nebraska
and western Iowa.

Thunderstorms are beginning to increase in both coverage and
intensity ahead of the cold front from northeast Nebraska into
southeast South Dakota and northwest Iowa owing to persistent
low-level warm advection and increasing height falls attendant to
the NE/SD disturbance mentioned above. This activity is likely
still elevated, and rooted above a cap situated at the base of an
elevated-mixed layer. However with time, continued heating of the
warm sector coupled with low-level uplift along the front should
foster surface-based storms amidst an environment characterized by
mlCAPE of 2000-3000+ j/kg and 30-40 kt of effective bulk shear.
As such, isolated severe storms are possible as highlighted by the
current day 1 convective outlook from the SPC. While locally
damaging wind gusts and heavy rainfall appear to be the primary
hazards, a conditional threat for large hail and possibly a brief
tornado exists, contingent on the evolution of supercell storm
modes.

Showers and thunderstorms will likely persist tonight both along
and in the wake of the surface cold front as it continues
southeast across the area. While localized flooding is possible,
uncertainty in specifically where the band of heaviest rain will
set up coupled with relatively dry antecedent conditions precludes
us from considering a flash flood watch at this juncture.

Some of these showers and storms could linger into Friday,
especially across portions of southeast Nebraska and southwest
Iowa. We will see a slightly cooler and perhaps a bit drier air
mass filter into the area behind the cold front with highs on
Friday in the lower to mid 80s.

This weekend, we will remain in northwest flow aloft with a
surface ridge axis gradually building through the lower Missouri
Valley. This pattern should yield dry conditions with high
temperatures in the mid 80s and cooler overnight lows (compared to
recent nights) in the lower to mid 60s.

.LONG TERM...(Sunday night through Thursday)
Issued at 303 PM CDT Thu Aug 11 2016

Latest medium-range guidance suggests that a quasi-zonal belt of
polar westerlies will reside along the U.S.-Canadian border
through early next week with some amplification to the pattern by
the middle to latter part of the week. It appears that
precipitation chances will remain low through the extended period
with highs generally in the 80s.

&&

.AVIATION...(For the 18Z TAFS through 18Z Friday afternoon)
Issued at 120 PM CDT Thu Aug 11 2016

kofk has been sct-bkn fl025 with more substantial cloudiness and
shra/tsra should be in the vicinity then increase in coverage this
afternoon and continue tonight. upper level support and moisture
lingers and may need to extend tsra chances at kofk past 01z later
tonight. tsra chances increase at koma/klnk after 22Z and
included a tempo group this evening. mvfr/ifr cigs/vsbys possible
with thunderstorms. Also mentioned gusty winds with storms.
Initially southeast to south winds 10 to 20kt ahead of the front.
North winds at kofk after 22-00Z. Initial push may switch the
winds around at koma/klnk 04-06Z.

&&

.OAX Watches/Warnings/Advisories...
NE...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening for NEZ051>053-066>068-
     078-088>093.

IA...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening for IAZ056-069-079-080-
     090-091.

&&

SHORT TERM...Mead
LONG TERM...Mead
AVIATION...Zapotocny

Hazardous weather outlook, Aug 11, 3:36 PM CST, 47 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OMAHA/VALLEY NE
436 PM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

IAZ043-055-056-069-NEZ011-012-015>018-030>034-042>045-050>053-
065>067-078-121145-
MONONA-HARRISON-SHELBY-POTTAWATTAMIE-KNOX-CEDAR-THURSTON-ANTELOPE-
PIERCE-WAYNE-BOONE-MADISON-STANTON-CUMING-BURT-PLATTE-COLFAX-
DODGE-WASHINGTON-BUTLER-SAUNDERS-DOUGLAS-SARPY-SEWARD-LANCASTER-
CASS-SALINE-
436 PM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTHWEST
IOWA...WEST CENTRAL IOWA...EAST CENTRAL NEBRASKA...NORTHEAST
NEBRASKA AND SOUTHEAST NEBRASKA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND FRIDAY

THUNDERSTORMS WILL INCREASE IN AREAL COVERAGE THIS EVENING INTO
TONIGHT AHEAD OF A COLD FRONT MOVING THROUGH EASTERN NEBRASKA AND
WESTERN IOWA. SEVERE STORMS ARE POSSIBLE WITH THE PRIMARY HAZARDS
BEING DAMAGING WINDS...FLOODING RAINFALL AND SOME HAIL.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY

THE PROBABILITY FOR WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION WILL PROBABLY NOT BE NEEDED TONIGHT OR FRIDAY.

IAZ079-080-090-091-NEZ068-088>093-121145-
MILLS-MONTGOMERY-FREMONT-PAGE-OTOE-JEFFERSON-GAGE-JOHNSON-NEMAHA-
PAWNEE-RICHARDSON-
436 PM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTHWEST IOWA
AND SOUTHEAST NEBRASKA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND FRIDAY

THUNDERSTORMS WILL INCREASE IN AREAL COVERAGE THIS EVENING INTO
TONIGHT AHEAD OF A COLD FRONT MOVING THROUGH EASTERN NEBRASKA AND
WESTERN IOWA. WHILE A STRONG STORM OR TWO IS POSSIBLE WITH A RISK
FOR DAMAGING WINDS...FLOODING RAINFALL WILL BE THE PRIMARY CONCERN.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY

THE PROBABILITY FOR WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION WILL NOT BE NEEDED TONIGHT OR FRIDAY.

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Aug 11, 10:35 AM CST, 5 hours 48 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OMAHA/VALLEY NEBRASKA
1135 AM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

NEZ011-111700-
KNOX NE-
1135 AM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

...SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT...

AT 1134 AM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 11
MILES EAST OF LYNCH...OR 21 MILES SOUTHEAST OF PICKSTOWN...MOVING
NORTHEAST AT 15 MPH.

HALF INCH HAIL AND WINDS IN EXCESS OF 30 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH
THIS STORM.

THIS STORM WILL REMAIN OVER MAINLY RURAL AREAS OF NORTHWESTERN KNOX
COUNTY.

LAT...LON 4281 9827 4286 9829 4287 9825 4285 9822
      4284 9819 4282 9821
TIME...MOT...LOC 1634Z 241DEG 14KT 4284 9824

MEAD

Special weather statement, Aug 11, 1:41 PM CST, 2 hours 42 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OMAHA/VALLEY NEBRASKA
241 PM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

NEZ011-012-016-017-112030-
ANTELOPE NE-KNOX NE-CEDAR NE-PIERCE NE-
241 PM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR NORTHERN CEDAR...NORTHWESTERN
PIERCE...SOUTHEASTERN KNOX AND NORTHEASTERN ANTELOPE COUNTIES UNTIL
330 PM CDT...

AT 241 PM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING A STRONG THUNDERSTORM OVER
CREIGHTON...OR 33 MILES SOUTHWEST OF LEWIS AND CLARK STATE RECREATION
AREA...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 45 MPH.

NICKEL SIZE HAIL AND WINDS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH
THIS STORM.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
HARTINGTON...CREIGHTON...BLOOMFIELD...WAUSA...WYNOT...CROFTON...
PLEASANT VALLEY...FORDYCE...BRUNSWICK...ST. HELENA...WINNETOON...
BAZILE MILLS...OBERT...BROOKY BOTTOM...
THE HIGHWAY 14 AND 59 JUNCTION...
ASHFALL FOSSIL BEDS STATE HISTORICAL PARK AND ST. HELENA BOAT DOCK.

THIS INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING HIGHWAYS...
 HIGHWAY 81 IN NEBRASKA BETWEEN MILEMARKERS 191 AND 212.
 HIGHWAY 20 IN NEBRASKA BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 341 AND 352.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TORRENTIAL RAINFALL IS ALSO OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM...AND MAY LEAD
TO LOCALIZED FLOODING. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE THROUGH FLOODED
ROADWAYS.

FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM.
LIGHTNING CAN STRIKE 10 MILES AWAY FROM A THUNDERSTORM. SEEK A SAFE
SHELTER INSIDE A BUILDING OR VEHICLE.

&&

LAT...LON 4285 9729 4285 9722 4281 9721 4280 9716
      4277 9713 4276 9702 4264 9702 4229 9800
      4243 9819 4286 9741 4286 9737 4285 9736
      4287 9731
TIME...MOT...LOC 1941Z 229DEG 59KT 4246 9791

ZAPOTOCNY

Special weather statement, Aug 11, 2:18 PM CST, 2 hours 5 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OMAHA/VALLEY NEBRASKA
318 PM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

NEZ011-016-017-112100-
ANTELOPE NE-KNOX NE-PIERCE NE-
318 PM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR WESTERN PIERCE...SOUTHERN KNOX
AND ANTELOPE COUNTIES UNTIL 400 PM CDT...

AT 317 PM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING STRONG THUNDERSTORMS ALONG
A LINE EXTENDING FROM 4 MILES EAST OF ORCHARD TO 11 MILES EAST OF
BARTLETT. MOVEMENT WAS NORTHEAST AT 40 MPH.

NICKEL SIZE HAIL AND WINDS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH
THESE STORMS.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
PIERCE...NELIGH...PLAINVIEW...CREIGHTON...BLOOMFIELD...OSMOND...
WAUSA...VERDIGRE...CLEARWATER...ORCHARD...OAKDALE...CROFTON...
BRUNSWICK...CENTER...WINNETOON...ROYAL...FOSTER...BAZILE MILLS...
ASHFALL FOSSIL BEDS STATE HISTORICAL PARK AND WILLOW CREEK STATE
RECREATION AREA.

THIS INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING HIGHWAYS...
 HIGHWAY 275 IN NEBRASKA BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 25 AND 48.
 HIGHWAY 20 IN NEBRASKA BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 329 AND 367.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TORRENTIAL RAINFALL IS ALSO OCCURRING WITH THESE STORMS...AND MAY
LEAD TO LOCALIZED FLOODING. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE THROUGH
FLOODED ROADWAYS.

FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING IS OCCURRING WITH THESE STORMS.
LIGHTNING CAN STRIKE 10 MILES AWAY FROM A THUNDERSTORM. SEEK A SAFE
SHELTER INSIDE A BUILDING OR VEHICLE.

&&

LAT...LON 4236 9830 4249 9829 4282 9749 4218 9754
      4195 9829
TIME...MOT...LOC 2017Z 247DEG 52KT 4235 9816 4193 9833

ZAPOTOCNY

Special weather statement, Aug 11, 3:11 PM CST, 1 hour 12 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OMAHA/VALLEY NEBRASKA
411 PM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

NEZ016>018-030-031-112145-
ANTELOPE NE-PIERCE NE-BOONE NE-MADISON NE-WAYNE NE-
411 PM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR SOUTHERN PIERCE...WEST CENTRAL
WAYNE...NORTHWESTERN MADISON...NORTHERN BOONE AND SOUTHEASTERN
ANTELOPE COUNTIES UNTIL 445 PM CDT...

AT 411 PM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING STRONG THUNDERSTORMS ALONG
A LINE EXTENDING FROM 9 MILES SOUTHEAST OF PLAINVIEW TO 6 MILES WEST
OF PETERSBURG. MOVEMENT WAS NORTHEAST AT 30 MPH.

DIME SIZE HAIL AND WINDS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH
THESE STORMS.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
PIERCE...BATTLE CREEK...ELGIN...PETERSBURG...OAKDALE...
MEADOW GROVE...HADAR...TILDEN...FOSTER...
LORETTO AND WILLOW CREEK STATE RECREATION AREA.

THIS INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING HIGHWAYS...
 HIGHWAY 275 IN NEBRASKA BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 45 AND 70.
 HIGHWAY 81 IN NEBRASKA BETWEEN MILEMARKERS 160 AND 171.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

THESE STORMS MAY INTENSIFY...SO BE CERTAIN TO MONITOR LOCAL RADIO
STATIONS AND AVAILABLE TELEVISION STATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.

&&

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 PM CDT FOR
NORTHEASTERN NEBRASKA.

LAT...LON 4189 9830 4235 9758 4215 9728 4164 9829
TIME...MOT...LOC 2111Z 227DEG 27KT 4224 9770 4189 9821

MILLER

Special weather statement, Aug 11, 3:47 PM CST, 36 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OMAHA/VALLEY NEBRASKA
447 PM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

NEZ012-018-032-033-112215-
CEDAR NE-STANTON NE-CUMING NE-WAYNE NE-
447 PM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR NORTHERN STANTON...SOUTHEASTERN
CEDAR...NORTHWESTERN CUMING AND WAYNE COUNTIES UNTIL 515 PM CDT...

AT 447 PM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING STRONG THUNDERSTORMS ALONG
A LINE EXTENDING FROM 5 MILES WEST OF COLERIDGE TO 5 MILES EAST OF
NORFOLK. MOVEMENT WAS EAST AT 20 MPH.

DIME SIZE HAIL AND WINDS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH
THESE STORMS.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
WAYNE...RANDOLPH...COLERIDGE...WINSIDE...HOSKINS...CARROLL...
LAUREL...BELDEN...SHOLES...CAMP ASSURANCE AND 8 MILES SOUTH OF WAYNE.

THIS INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING HIGHWAYS...
 HIGHWAY 275 IN NEBRASKA BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 79 AND 87.
 HIGHWAY 20 IN NEBRASKA BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 378 AND 398.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

THESE STORMS MAY INTENSIFY...SO BE CERTAIN TO MONITOR LOCAL RADIO
STATIONS AND AVAILABLE TELEVISION STATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.

&&

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 PM CDT FOR
NORTHEASTERN NEBRASKA.

LAT...LON 4269 9701 4227 9702 4226 9692 4210 9690
      4195 9736 4258 9735
TIME...MOT...LOC 2147Z 251DEG 17KT 4248 9731 4202 9731

MILLER

Special weather statement, Aug 11, 4:08 PM CST, 15 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OMAHA/VALLEY NEBRASKA
508 PM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

NEZ012-015-017-018-031>033-112300-
CEDAR NE-PIERCE NE-STANTON NE-THURSTON NE-MADISON NE-CUMING NE-
WAYNE NE-
508 PM CDT THU AUG 11 2016

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR NORTHERN STANTON...SOUTHEASTERN
CEDAR...SOUTHEASTERN PIERCE...NORTHWESTERN CUMING...WAYNE...EAST
CENTRAL MADISON AND NORTHWESTERN THURSTON COUNTIES UNTIL 600 PM
CDT...

AT 507 PM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING STRONG THUNDERSTORMS ALONG
A LINE EXTENDING FROM NEAR COLERIDGE TO 4 MILES SOUTH OF WINSIDE.
MOVEMENT WAS NORTHEAST AT 35 MPH.

DIME SIZE HAIL AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH
THESE STORMS.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
WAYNE...STANTON...WAKEFIELD...WISNER...RANDOLPH...COLERIDGE...
WINSIDE...PILGER...HOSKINS...CARROLL...LAUREL...BELDEN...OBERT...
SHOLES...CAMP ASSURANCE AND 8 MILES SOUTH OF WAYNE.

THIS INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING HIGHWAYS...
 HIGHWAY 275 IN NEBRASKA BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 78 AND 101.
 HIGHWAY 20 IN NEBRASKA BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 377 AND 398.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

VERY HEAVY RAIN IS ALSO OCCURRING WITH THESE STORMS...AND MAY LEAD
TO LOCALIZED FLOODING. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE THROUGH FLOODED
ROADWAYS.

&&

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 PM CDT FOR
NORTHEASTERN NEBRASKA.

LAT...LON 4276 9702 4269 9701 4227 9702 4226 9675
      4202 9677 4192 9738 4253 9737 4277 9705
TIME...MOT...LOC 2207Z 220DEG 30KT 4251 9718 4212 9720

MILLER

The radar

The Omaha radar (KOAX), 116 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the first event began at 22:24 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment

Event by event

3 thunderstorm wind, 1 flash flood. Local standard time, as filed.

Thunderstorm Wind, Wayne

When: August 11, 4:23 PM CST
Where: Wayne County, 0.69 mi N of Wayne
Measured: 52 kt (60 mph) measured gust
Reported by: AWOS
Coordinates: 42.240, -97.020

Thunderstorm Wind, Thurston

When: August 11, 4:42 PM CST
Where: Thurston County, 3 mi N of Thurston
Measured: 52 kt (60 mph) estimated gust
Reported by: Emergency Manager
Coordinates: 42.223, -96.700

The emergency manager reported that several trees were reported downed between Pender and Emerson.

Thunderstorm Wind, Jefferson

When: August 11, 6:30 PM CST
Where: Jefferson County, 0.87 mi SW of Fairbury
Measured: 52 kt (60 mph) estimated gust
Reported by: Emergency Manager
Coordinates: 40.140, -97.180

A tree was blown down in the city of Fairbury that landed on a transformer and resulted in power outages.

Flash Flood, Douglas

When: August 11, 9:00 PM CST to 9:01 PM CST
Where: Douglas County, 1.94 mi ESE of Millard to 1.86 mi ENE of Omaha Millard Arpt
Cause: Heavy Rain
Reported by: Social Media
Coordinates: 41.214, -96.083

Social media reports and images indicated flooding along L Street in southwest Omaha from near 96th to 108th street with several cars stalled in the flooding.

What these are

Thunderstorm Wind: Winds from a thunderstorm of 50 knots (58 mph) or more, or lower winds that caused damage or casualties. Measured gusts are marked MG, estimated EG.
Flash Flood: Flooding that begins within six hours of the rain that causes it, or of a dam or levee failure or ice jam release, often with deadly speed.

After NWS Directive 10-1605, the rules offices file Storm Data by.

The same day elsewhere

Every storm in Nebraska in 2016 Every state in 2016 This day in weather history Warnings in Nebraska, August 2016

Sources

NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database, compiled from the National Weather Service’s monthly Storm Data. Complete through 2026-06; NCEI adds each month about 75 days after it ends and revises past years a few times a year. Rebuilt 2026-09-24. Each event’s entry at NCEI: 643968, 643975, 643974, 643980.