Oregon, 2014

Ice Storm in Oregon, February 8 to 9, 2014

February 8 to 9, 2014 · NWS PQR · 5 events in 5 counties and zones

A Weather system brought additional ice to Northwest Oregon March 8th. This is the third cold weather event after a widespread snow/ice event on the 7th, and a widespread heavy snow event on the 6th.

The toll

Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
None recorded
Crop damage
None recorded
Events
5

Deaths and injuries are direct and indirect together, as the offices filed them. Damage is property and crops in the dollars of the year, not adjusted for inflation, and only where an office estimated it.

What happened

The episode as NWS PQR wrote it up.

A Weather system brought additional ice to Northwest Oregon March 8th. This is the third cold weather event after a widespread snow/ice event on the 7th, and a widespread heavy snow event on the 6th.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before the first event, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Portland, OR wrote its last area forecast discussion before the first event at Feb 8, 3:58 AM PST, 1 hour 2 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Feb 8, 3:58 AM PST, 1 hour 2 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PORTLAND OR
400 AM PST SAT FEB  8 2014

...AGAIN...DUE TO ABUNDANCE OF WEATHER DECISIONS...OUR DISCUSSION
WILL BE DELAYED A BIT. HOWEVER....WE HAVE INCLUDE THE 3 AM
EXTENDED...AVIATION AND MARINE SECTIONS...ALONG WITH THE LATEST
WARNINGS AT THE END OF THIS DISCUSSION.

.SYNOPSIS...THE SECOND SYSTEM IN A ONE-TWO-THREE PUNCH OF WINTRY
WEATHER FOR SOUTHWEST WASHINGTON AND NORTHWEST OREGON WILL MOVE EAST
OF OUR FORECAST AREA LATER TONIGHT AND EARLY SATURDAY...WITH THE
ASSOCIATED SURFACE LOW MOVING INLAND TO OUR SOUTH AND KEEPING US
MOSTLY ON THE COLD SIDE OF THINGS. IT BROUGHT MORE SNOW TO OUR
AREA...WITH FREEZING RAIN OR SLEET IN THE SOUTH. THE NEXT SYSTEM
WILL FOLLOW A SIMILAR TRACK...WITH MORE MOISTURE SPREADING INTO OUR
AREA SATURDAY THROUGH SATURDAY NIGHT INTO SUNDAY. EXPECT THE
FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET TRANSITION TO SPREAD CLOSE TO THE PORTLAND
AREA BY LATER SATURDAY AND SATURDAY NIGHT. NEW MODELS ARE LOOKING
MORE WET...SO WE WILL LIKELY CONTINUE TO HAVE SIGNIFICANT WINTER
PRECIPITATION IMPACTS ACROSS OUR AREA THROUGH MOST OF THE WEEKEND.
ADDITIONAL WATCHES AND WARNINGS HAVE BEEN ISSUED THIS EVENING. NEXT
WEEK THERE WILL BE A TURN TOWARD MORE TYPICAL WEATHER FOR THE REGION
WITH MILDER PACIFIC FRONTAL SYSTEMS BRINGING PERIODS OF RAIN. &&

.SHORT TERM...THE CURRENT SYSTEM SPREADING WINTER WEATHER ACROSS
SOUTHWEST WASHINGTON AND NORTHWEST OREGON IS PIVOTING AND ROTATING
THROUGH OUR AREA...AND THE BACK EDGE SUGGESTS A DECREASE IN
PRECIPITATION MOST OF OUR AREA LATER TONIGHT AND EARLY ON SATURDAY.
SNOW WAS THE PRECIPITATION OF CHOICE...BUT FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET
SPREAD UP THE CENTRAL COAST AND UP THE WILLAMETTE VALLEY TO NEAR
SALEM AND THE ADJACENT FOOTHILLS. AREAS NEAR AND SOUTH OF EUGENE
RECEIVED SIGNIFICANT ICE ACCUMULATIONS AND HAVE SOME TREE DAMAGE AND
POWER ISSUES.

THE NEXT DISTURBANCE/WAVE/SYSTEM SPREADS MOISTURE IN PRETTY QUICKLY
FROM THE SOUTHWEST AGAIN ON SATURDAY...AND SOUTHERN AREAS MAY NOT SEE
MUCH OF A BREAK. THE NEW 00Z GFS AND NAM MODELS ARE WETTER THAN
PREVIOUS MODELS...AND HAVE WITH EXTENDED CURRENT WARNINGS AND
ADVISORIES THROUGH SATURDAY NIGHT OR INTO SUNDAY OR ADDED NEW
WATCHES. SO LOOK FOR MORE SIGNIFICANT SNOW OR ICE ACCUMULATIONS
SATURDAY INTO SUNDAY. THE FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET SHOULD MOVE WELL UP
THE COAST ON SATURDAY...AND POSSIBLY REACH THE SOUTH PORTION OF THE
PORTLAND AREA LATER SATURDAY AND SATURDAY EVENING.

THE ICE ACCUMULATIONS FROM THIS SYSTEM COULD BE VERY SIGNIFICANT IN
SOME AREAS...ESPECIALLY THE CENTRAL AND SOUTH WILLAMETTE VALLEY AND
ADJACENT AREAS SATURDAY.

THE TRANSITION TO RAIN IS STILL DIFFICULT TO TIME...BUT THE SOUTH
VALLEY MAY BE LATE SATURDAY OR SATURDAY NIGHT...THE CENTRAL VALLEY BU
SUNDAY...THE NORTH VALLEY SUNDAY OR SUNDAY NIGHT...THE GORGE MONDAY.
THERE IS A ANOTHER WAVE SUNDAY NIGHT THAT SHOULD BRING A SOUTHERLY
COMPONENT TO THE LOW LEVEL WINDS TO MOST OF OUR AREA EXCEPT THE GORGE
SUNDAY NIGHT. TOLLESON

.LONG TERM...MOST ALL AREAS WILL BE MILDER BY MON AM...WITH
TEMPERATURES ABOVE FREEZING. HOWEVER...WITH COLD AIR STILL LOCKED IN
THE COLUMBIA BASIN...WILL STILL HAVE COLD AIR BLEEDING INTO THE
GORGE. WILL KEEP AREAS OF FREEZING RAIN IN THE GORGE AND UPPER HOOD
RIVER VALLEY DURING THE MORNING. BY AFTERNOON...MILDER AIR WILL
FINALLY REACH THOSE AREAS...WITH GRADUAL WARM UP.

MODELS ALL INDICATE A MUCH MORE PROGRESSIVE PATTERN OVER THE REGION
FOR NEXT WEEK. THIS WILL BRING RAIN...WITH SNOW CONFINED TO THE
HIGHER CASCADES. SYSTEM PASSING ACROSS REGION TUE NIGHT/WED WITH
ANOTHER STRONG FRONT ON THU. THESE WILL BRING FAIRLY DECENT ROUND OF
RAIN. SNOW LEVELS 5K FT ON TUE/TUE NIGHT...THEN SETTLE AROUND 3500
TO 4500 FT. LOOKS GOOD FOR BUILDING CASCADES SNOWPACK.   ROCKEY.
&&

.AVIATION...IFR CONDITIONS PREVAILED EARLY THIS MORNING ACROSS THE S
PART OF THE FORECAST AREA WITH MVFR IN THE N. THROUGH THE
MORNING...18Z...EXPECT CONDITIONS TO REMAIN SIMILAR WITH IFR
CONDITIONS S AND MVFR PREDOMINANTLY N. AFTER SOME LIGHT FREEZING
DRIZZLE THIS MORNING IN THE N AND FREEZING RAIN IN THE
S...PRECIPITATION IS LIKELY TO RETURN TO SNOW IN THE N THIS
AFTERNOON. OVERALL EXPECT IFR CONDITIONS TO DOMINATE LATER
TODAY...AFTER 18Z...ACROSS THE S...AND AS SNOW PICKS UP IN THE N A
RETURN TO PREVAILING IFR VISIBILITIES.

KPDX AND APPROACHES...LIGHT PRECIPITATION THIS MORNING IS LIKELY TO
BE AM IX OF FREEZING DRIZZLE AND SNOW. OVERALL THIS MORNING FLIGHT
CONDITIONS EXPECTED TO BE MAINLY MVFR...WITH A CHANCE FOR IFR
CONDITIONS AT TIMES. AFTER 18Z SNOW IS LIKELY TO RETURN...AND AS
THAT HAPPENS VISIBILITIES ARE LIKELY TO DROP INTO IFR CATEGORY AND
REMAIN SO THROUGH THIS EVENING...06Z.
&&

.MARINE...EASTERLY OFFSHORE WINDS EXPECTED TO WEAKEN SOME
TODAY...BRINGING AN END TO SMALL CRAFT CONDITIONS OVER THE NORTHERN
WATERS. A WEAK LOW PRES SYSTEM IS EXPECTED TO MOVE ACROSS THE
SOUTHERN WATERS THIS EVENING. WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO INCREASE BACK
INTO SMALL CRAFT RANGE WITH A FRONT MOVING E ACROSS THE WATERS SUN
NIGHT AND MON. WINDS MAY APPROACH GALE FORCE WITH ANOTHER SYSTEM TUE.

SEAS LIKELY TO REMAIN BELOW 10 FT THROUGH MON NIGHT. SWELL THROUGH
MON NIGHT WILL BE DOMINATED BY A SHORT PERIOD FRESH SWELL FROM THE S
TO SW. SEAS MAY APPROACH MID TEENS WITH THE STRONGER SYSTEM TUE AND
TUE NIGHT. &&

.PQR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
OR...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 10 AM PST THIS MORNING FOR GREATER
     PORTLAND METRO AREA-NORTHERN OREGON CASCADES-UPPER HOOD RIVER
     VALLEY.

     WINTER STORM WARNING FROM 10 AM THIS MORNING TO 4 AM PST SUNDAY
     FOR GREATER PORTLAND METRO AREA-NORTHERN OREGON CASCADES-
     UPPER HOOD RIVER VALLEY.

     WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 1 PM PST THIS AFTERNOON FOR
     CENTRAL COLUMBIA RIVER GORGE-WESTERN COLUMBIA RIVER GORGE.

     WINTER STORM WARNING FROM 1 PM THIS AFTERNOON TO 4 AM PST SUNDAY
     FOR CENTRAL COLUMBIA RIVER GORGE-WESTERN COLUMBIA RIVER
     GORGE.

     WINTER STORM WARNING UNTIL 4 AM PST SUNDAY FOR CASCADES IN LANE
     COUNTY-CENTRAL WILLAMETTE VALLEY-COAST RANGE OF NORTHWEST
     OREGON-NORTHERN OREGON CASCADE FOOTHILLS.

     ICE STORM WARNING UNTIL 10 PM PST THIS EVENING FOR CASCADE
     FOOTHILLS IN LANE COUNTY-SOUTH WILLAMETTE VALLEY.

     WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 4 AM PST SUNDAY FOR LOWER COLUMBIA.

     WINTER STORM WARNING UNTIL 10 PM PST THIS EVENING FOR CENTRAL
     COAST RANGE OF WESTERN OREGON.

     WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FROM 10 AM THIS MORNING TO 10 PM PST
     THIS EVENING FOR NORTH OREGON COAST.

WA...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 10 AM PST THIS MORNING FOR GREATER
     VANCOUVER AREA.

     WINTER STORM WARNING FROM 10 AM THIS MORNING TO 4 AM PST SUNDAY
     FOR GREATER VANCOUVER AREA.

     WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 1 PM PST THIS AFTERNOON FOR
     CENTRAL COLUMBIA RIVER GORGE-WESTERN COLUMBIA RIVER GORGE.

     WINTER STORM WARNING FROM 1 PM THIS AFTERNOON TO 4 AM PST SUNDAY
     FOR CENTRAL COLUMBIA RIVER GORGE-WESTERN COLUMBIA RIVER
     GORGE.

     WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 4 AM PST SUNDAY FOR I-5 CORRIDOR
     IN COWLITZ COUNTY-SOUTH WASHINGTON CASCADE FOOTHILLS.

PZ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY FOR WINDS UNTIL 10 AM PST THIS MORNING FOR
     COASTAL WATERS FROM CAPE SHOALWATER WA TO CASCADE HEAD OR OUT 60 NM.

&&

MORE WEATHER INFORMATION ONLINE AT..
    HTTP://WEATHER.GOV/PORTLAND

INTERACT WITH US VIA SOCIAL MEDIA
    WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/US.NATIONALWEATHERSERVICE.PORTLAND.GOV
    WWW.TWITTER.COM/NWSPORTLAND

THIS DISCUSSION IS FOR NORTHWEST OREGON AND SOUTHWEST WASHINGTON FROM
THE CASCADE CREST TO 60 NAUTICAL MILES OFFSHORE. THE AREA IS COMMONLY
REFERRED TO AS THE FORECAST AREA.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Feb 7, 11:11 PM PST, 5 hours 49 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PORTLAND OR
1111 PM PST FRI FEB 07 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0822 PM     HEAVY SNOW       1 SW ALPINE             44.32N 123.37W
02/07/2014  M8.8 INCH        BENTON             OR   TRAINED SPOTTER

0858 PM     HEAVY SNOW       1 SW RALEIGH HILLS      45.47N 122.77W
02/07/2014  M3.5 INCH        WASHINGTON         OR   NWS EMPLOYEE

            3.5 NEW TODAY. STORM TOTAL LAST 48 HOURS AT 7.4 INCHES.

0900 PM     HEAVY SNOW       5 E DOWNTOWN PORTLAND   45.52N 122.58W
02/07/2014  M1.5 INCH        MULTNOMAH          OR   NWS EMPLOYEE

            1.5 INCHES NEW TODAY. STORM TOTAL LAST 48 HRS AT 5.0
            INCHES.

1058 PM     SNOW             CANBY                   45.27N 122.69W
02/07/2014  M6.0 INCH        CLACKAMAS          OR   TRAINED SPOTTER

            48 HOUR STORM TOTAL.

1058 PM     HEAVY SNOW       ESE KALAMA              46.01N 122.84W
02/07/2014  M1.8 INCH        COWLITZ            WA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            1.75 NEW TODAY. STORM TOTAL 8.0 INCHES SINCE 6 FEB.

1058 PM     SNOW             1 SW LONGVIEW           46.12N 122.95W
02/07/2014  M2.0 INCH        COWLITZ            WA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            2 INCHES NEW TODAY. STORM TOTAL SINCE 6 FEB AT 8.0
            INCHES.

1058 PM     HEAVY SNOW       EUGENE                  44.05N 123.11W
02/07/2014  M6.7 INCH        LANE               OR   ASOS

            SNOWFALL FOR LAST 24 HOURS.

1058 PM     HEAVY SNOW       1 SW ALPINE             44.32N 123.37W
02/07/2014  M8.8 INCH        BENTON             OR   TRAINED SPOTTER

            NEW IN LAST 12 HOURS.

1058 PM     HEAVY SNOW       1 ENE LONGVIEW          46.14N 122.91W
02/07/2014  M1.0 INCH        COWLITZ            WA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            IN LAST 12 HOURS.

1110 PM     FREEZING RAIN    3 N COTTAGE GROVE       43.84N 123.06W
02/07/2014  E0.00 INCH       LANE               OR   DEPT OF HIGHWAYS

            DOWNED LIMBS AND SOME TREE DAMAGE DUE TO FREEZING RAIN.

&&

CROCKEY
Local storm report, Feb 7, 11:37 PM PST, 5 hours 23 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PORTLAND OR
1137 PM PST FRI FEB 07 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0858 PM     HEAVY SNOW       1 SW RALEIGH HILLS      45.47N 122.77W
02/07/2014  M3.5 INCH        WASHINGTON         OR   NWS EMPLOYEE

            3.5 NEW TODAY. STORM TOTAL LAST 48 HOURS AT 7.4 INCHES.

0900 PM     HEAVY SNOW       CLATSKANIE              46.10N 123.21W
02/07/2014  M2.0 INCH        COLUMBIA           OR   DEPT OF HIGHWAYS

            IN LAST 12 HOURS.

0900 PM     HEAVY SNOW       4 E SANTIAM JUNCTION    44.44N 121.87W
02/07/2014  M6.0 INCH        LINN               OR   DEPT OF HIGHWAYS

            IN LAST 12 HOURS.

0900 PM     HEAVY SNOW       5 N GOVERNMENT CAMP     45.37N 121.77W
02/07/2014  M6.0 INCH        CLACKAMAS          OR   DEPT OF HIGHWAYS

            AT TIMBERLINE. IN LAST 12 HOURS.

0900 PM     HEAVY SNOW       TOMBSTONE SUMMIT        44.40N 122.16W
02/07/2014  M6.0 INCH        LINN               OR   DEPT OF HIGHWAYS

            IN LAST 12 HOURS.

0900 PM     HEAVY SNOW       SANTIAM JUNCTION        44.44N 121.95W
02/07/2014  M6.0 INCH        LINN               OR   DEPT OF HIGHWAYS

            IN LAST 12 HOURS.

0900 PM     HEAVY SNOW       SUNSET SUMMIT           45.80N 123.46W
02/07/2014  M5.0 INCH        CLATSOP            OR   DEPT OF HIGHWAYS

            IN LAST 12 HOURS.

0900 PM     HEAVY SNOW       5 E DOWNTOWN PORTLAND   45.52N 122.58W
02/07/2014  M1.5 INCH        MULTNOMAH          OR   NWS EMPLOYEE

            1.5 INCHES NEW TODAY. STORM TOTAL LAST 48 HRS AT 5.0
            INCHES.

0900 PM     HEAVY SNOW       WILSON RIVER SUMMIT     45.62N 123.38W
02/07/2014  M2.0 INCH        TILLAMOOK          OR   DEPT OF HIGHWAYS

            IN LAST 12 HOURS.

1058 PM     HEAVY SNOW       1 ENE LONGVIEW          46.14N 122.91W
02/07/2014  M1.0 INCH        COWLITZ            WA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            IN LAST 12 HOURS.

1058 PM     HEAVY SNOW       EUGENE                  44.05N 123.11W
02/07/2014  M6.7 INCH        LANE               OR   ASOS

            SNOWFALL FOR LAST 24 HOURS.

1058 PM     SNOW             1 SW LONGVIEW           46.12N 122.95W
02/07/2014  M2.0 INCH        COWLITZ            WA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            2 INCHES NEW TODAY. STORM TOTAL SINCE 6 FEB AT 8.0
            INCHES.

1058 PM     SNOW             CANBY                   45.27N 122.69W
02/07/2014  M6.0 INCH        CLACKAMAS          OR   TRAINED SPOTTER

            48 HOUR STORM TOTAL.

1058 PM     HEAVY SNOW       1 SW ALPINE             44.32N 123.37W
02/07/2014  M8.8 INCH        BENTON             OR   TRAINED SPOTTER

            NEW IN LAST 12 HOURS.

1058 PM     HEAVY SNOW       ESE KALAMA              46.01N 122.84W
02/07/2014  M1.8 INCH        COWLITZ            WA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            1.75 NEW TODAY. STORM TOTAL 8.0 INCHES SINCE 6 FEB.

1110 PM     FREEZING RAIN    3 N COTTAGE GROVE       43.84N 123.06W
02/07/2014  E0.00 INCH       LANE               OR   DEPT OF HIGHWAYS

            DOWNED LIMBS AND SOME TREE DAMAGE DUE TO FREEZING RAIN.

1113 PM     HEAVY SNOW       4 E PORTLAND AIRPORT    45.59N 122.52W
02/07/2014  M1.1 INCH        CLARK              WA   OFFICIAL NWS OBS

            1.1 INCHES OF NEW SNOW. STORM TOTAL LAST 48 HOURS AT 5.0
            INCHES.

1113 PM     HEAVY SNOW       HAPPY VALLEY            45.44N 122.54W
02/07/2014  M3.0 INCH        CLACKAMAS          OR   BROADCAST MEDIA

            3.0 NEW TODAY. 48 HOUR TOTAL AT 6.0 INCHES.

1136 PM     FREEZING RAIN    SALEM                   44.92N 123.02W
02/07/2014  U0.00 INCH       MARION             OR   BROADCAST MEDIA

            INTERSTATE 5 VERY HAZARDOUS DUE TO SNOW AND ICE. OREGON
            STATE POLICE WARNING TO NOT TRAVEL BETWEEN SALEM AND
            EUGENE.

&&

CROCKEY

Event by event

5 ice storm. Local standard time, as filed.

Ice Storm, Southern Willamette Valley

When
February 8, 5:00 AM PST to 6:00 PM PST
Where
Southern Willamette Valley forecast zone
Reported by
Utility Company

Heavy icing led to widespread power outages in Lane County, leaving thousands without power. A picture on the Eugene Water and Electric's Facebook page showed some downed power lines with around 1 inch of ice accumulated on them. A spotter in Lebanon reported 0.5 inch of ice and there were several reports of 0.3 to 0.75 inch ice in Eugene.

Ice Storm, Cascade Foothills in Lane County

When
February 8, 5:00 AM PST to 6:00 PM PST
Where
Cascade Foothills in Lane County forecast zone
Reported by
Utility Company

Heavy icing led to widespread power outages in Lane County, leaving thousands without power. A picture on the Eugene Water and Electric's Facebook page showed some downed power lines with around 1 inch of ice accumulated on them.

Ice Storm, Central Willamette Valley

When
February 8, 12:00 PM PST to 9:30 PM PST
Where
Central Willamette Valley forecast zone
Reported by
Utility Company

Public Utility's website reported that more than 3800 customers were without power in the Sweet Home area due to ice. Spotters reported 0.5 to 0.5 inch of ice accumulation in Salem and 0.25 inch in Dallas.

Ice Storm, North Oregon Cascades Foothills

When
February 8, 12:00 PM PST to February 9, 12:00 AM PST
Where
North Oregon Cascades Foothills forecast zone
Reported by
Utility Company

Public Utility's website reported that more than 3800 customers were without power in the Sweet Home area due to ice. A Spotter reported 0.5 inch of ice accumulation in Sweet Home.

Ice Storm, Greater Portland Metro Area

When
February 8, 4:30 PM PST to February 9, 12:00 AM PST
Where
Greater Portland Metro Area forecast zone
Reported by
Trained Spotter

The City of Portland issued its first Wireless Emergency Alert in history on March 9th at 8 AM warning people to stay indoors due to dangerous ice conditions. While most of the icing has stopped by then, there was still significant ice loading on branches and power lines as well as several of each downed. Power outages continued into the 9th due to the ice, but ice slowly melted as temperatures crept above freezing. Some ice accumulations reported from spotters include a 0.30 inch in Gresham, and a 0.25 inch of ice in Clackamas. Public reports include 0.4 inch of ice in Fairview and 0.3 inch in Northeast Portland.

What these are

Ice Storm
Freezing rain accumulating a quarter inch or more of ice, or less where it caused significant damage.

After NWS Directive 10-1605, the rules offices file Storm Data by.

The same day elsewhere

More

Every storm in Oregon in 2014Every state in 2014This day in weather historyWarnings in Oregon, February 2014

Sources

NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database, compiled from the National Weather Service’s monthly Storm Data. Complete through 2026-06; NCEI adds each month about 75 days after it ends and revises past years a few times a year. Rebuilt 2026-09-24. Each event’s entry at NCEI: 507455, 507456, 507457, 507458, 507454.