Randolph Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Town Of Westford. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around May 1 and the first fall freeze around October 11, a growing season of about 163 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last May 11, first October 1
- Median at 32°F
- last May 1, first October 11
- Median at 28°F
- last April 19, first October 22
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 25 | May 21 | May 18 | May 14 | May 11 | May 8 | May 5 | May 2 | Apr 29 |
| 32°F | May 16 | May 10 | May 6 | May 3 | May 1 | Apr 29 | Apr 25 | Apr 22 | Apr 16 |
| 28°F | May 3 | Apr 30 | Apr 25 | Apr 22 | Apr 19 | Apr 16 | Apr 14 | Apr 10 | Apr 6 |
| 24°F | Apr 21 | Apr 17 | Apr 14 | Apr 11 | Apr 9 | Apr 6 | Apr 4 | Apr 2 | Mar 28 |
| 20°F | Apr 13 | Apr 8 | Apr 6 | Apr 3 | Apr 1 | Mar 30 | Mar 26 | Mar 22 | Mar 16 |
| 16°F | Apr 5 | Apr 1 | Mar 30 | Mar 26 | Mar 22 | Mar 19 | Mar 16 | Mar 12 | Mar 7 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 19 | Sep 23 | Sep 26 | Sep 29 | Oct 1 | Oct 3 | Oct 6 | Oct 9 | Oct 14 |
| 32°F | Sep 27 | Oct 1 | Oct 5 | Oct 8 | Oct 11 | Oct 13 | Oct 17 | Oct 20 | Oct 25 |
| 28°F | Oct 7 | Oct 12 | Oct 16 | Oct 19 | Oct 22 | Oct 25 | Oct 27 | Oct 31 | Nov 4 |
| 24°F | Oct 21 | Oct 25 | Oct 28 | Oct 31 | Nov 2 | Nov 4 | Nov 8 | Nov 11 | Nov 17 |
| 20°F | Nov 1 | Nov 3 | Nov 6 | Nov 10 | Nov 13 | Nov 15 | Nov 18 | Nov 22 | Nov 26 |
| 16°F | Nov 6 | Nov 11 | Nov 15 | Nov 18 | Nov 22 | Nov 24 | Nov 27 | Dec 1 | Dec 5 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 160 | 154 | 150 | 146 | 143 | 139 | 136 | 131 | 123 |
| 32°F | 182 | 174 | 170 | 166 | 163 | 159 | 155 | 150 | 144 |
| 28°F | 204 | 198 | 193 | 188 | 184 | 179 | 175 | 170 | 164 |
| 24°F | 225 | 219 | 214 | 210 | 207 | 203 | 200 | 195 | 188 |
| 20°F | 247 | 239 | 234 | 230 | 226 | 223 | 219 | 213 | 206 |
| 16°F | 264 | 257 | 252 | 248 | 244 | 239 | 234 | 229 | 222 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 7,601
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 513
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 4,425
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 3,398
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 2,497
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 1,708
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 1,042
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,494 | 0 | 0 |
| February | 1,256 | 0 | 0 |
| March | 1,030 | 1 | 13 |
| April | 610 | 1 | 52 |
| May | 268 | 28 | 254 |
| June | 48 | 108 | 510 |
| July | 12 | 184 | 637 |
| August | 22 | 141 | 584 |
| September | 163 | 47 | 343 |
| October | 509 | 4 | 94 |
| November | 891 | 0 | 9 |
| December | 1,299 | 0 | 0 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 12.5 km from Randolph. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00478540 (Town Of Westford). Public domain.