Black Diamond Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Palmer 3 Ese. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around April 3 and the first fall freeze around November 11, a growing season of about 219 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last May 1, first October 23
- Median at 32°F
- last April 3, first November 11
- Median at 28°F
- last February 28, first December 1
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 19 | May 12 | May 8 | May 4 | May 1 | Apr 28 | Apr 23 | Apr 17 | Apr 11 |
| 32°F | May 2 | Apr 26 | Apr 19 | Apr 11 | Apr 3 | Mar 30 | Mar 24 | Mar 17 | Mar 7 |
| 28°F | Apr 2 | Mar 19 | Mar 11 | Mar 4 | Feb 28 | Feb 24 | Feb 18 | Feb 8 | Jan 28 |
| 24°F | Feb 27 | Feb 21 | Feb 16 | Feb 9 | Feb 1 | Jan 25 | Jan 13 | Jan 3 | Dec 19 |
| 20°F | Feb 21 | Feb 12 | Feb 2 | Jan 26 | Jan 16 | Jan 5 | Dec 31 | Dec 14 | Dec 6 |
| 16°F | Feb 18 | Feb 7 | Jan 31 | Jan 19 | Jan 10 | Dec 30 | Dec 19 | Dec 10 | Dec 2 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Oct 6 | Oct 13 | Oct 16 | Oct 19 | Oct 23 | Oct 26 | Oct 29 | Nov 3 | Nov 9 |
| 32°F | Oct 25 | Oct 31 | Nov 4 | Nov 7 | Nov 11 | Nov 15 | Nov 21 | Nov 26 | Dec 3 |
| 28°F | Nov 7 | Nov 13 | Nov 20 | Nov 26 | Dec 1 | Dec 5 | Dec 11 | Dec 19 | Jan 1 |
| 24°F | Nov 21 | Nov 30 | Dec 6 | Dec 11 | Dec 19 | Dec 31 | Jan 5 | Jan 17 | Feb 1 |
| 20°F | Nov 29 | Dec 4 | Dec 9 | Dec 18 | Dec 29 | Jan 6 | Jan 16 | Jan 29 | Feb 10 |
| 16°F | Dec 1 | Dec 6 | Dec 11 | Dec 20 | Dec 30 | Jan 13 | Jan 22 | Feb 1 | Feb 16 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 198 | 190 | 184 | 179 | 174 | 170 | 165 | 159 | 149 |
| 32°F | 253 | 242 | 233 | 226 | 219 | 211 | 205 | 197 | 185 |
| 28°F | 317 | 302 | 291 | 283 | 276 | 268 | 260 | 250 | 238 |
| 24°F | 365 | 355 | 341 | 333 | 325 | 315 | 308 | 299 | 282 |
| 20°F | 365 | 365 | 365 | 365 | 356 | 343 | 334 | 327 | 312 |
| 16°F | 365 | 365 | 365 | 365 | 365 | 365 | 365 | 346 | 332 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 99% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 87% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 58% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 30% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 5,452
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 155
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 4,110
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 2,768
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 1,737
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 969
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 448
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 794 | 0 | 1 |
| February | 673 | 0 | 4 |
| March | 660 | 0 | 13 |
| April | 520 | 1 | 42 |
| May | 345 | 6 | 153 |
| June | 221 | 15 | 247 |
| July | 88 | 53 | 431 |
| August | 74 | 59 | 449 |
| September | 175 | 21 | 297 |
| October | 431 | 1 | 88 |
| November | 645 | 0 | 12 |
| December | 826 | 0 | 1 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 11.4 km from Black Diamond. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00456295 (Palmer 3 Ese). Public domain.