Monticello Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Monticello 2E. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around May 19 and the first fall freeze around October 2, a growing season of about 133 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last June 1, first September 24
- Median at 32°F
- last May 19, first October 2
- Median at 28°F
- last May 6, first October 12
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Jun 17 | Jun 12 | Jun 7 | Jun 4 | Jun 1 | May 30 | May 27 | May 23 | May 18 |
| 32°F | Jun 6 | May 31 | May 27 | May 23 | May 19 | May 16 | May 13 | May 9 | May 3 |
| 28°F | May 23 | May 17 | May 13 | May 9 | May 6 | May 2 | Apr 30 | Apr 25 | Apr 21 |
| 24°F | May 12 | May 4 | Apr 30 | Apr 26 | Apr 22 | Apr 18 | Apr 14 | Apr 10 | Apr 5 |
| 20°F | Apr 26 | Apr 17 | Apr 12 | Apr 8 | Apr 5 | Apr 2 | Mar 29 | Mar 21 | Mar 13 |
| 16°F | Apr 7 | Apr 1 | Mar 26 | Mar 21 | Mar 16 | Mar 11 | Mar 7 | Mar 4 | Feb 26 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 11 | Sep 16 | Sep 19 | Sep 21 | Sep 24 | Sep 26 | Sep 28 | Oct 1 | Oct 5 |
| 32°F | Sep 20 | Sep 24 | Sep 28 | Oct 1 | Oct 2 | Oct 5 | Oct 7 | Oct 10 | Oct 15 |
| 28°F | Sep 28 | Oct 2 | Oct 6 | Oct 9 | Oct 12 | Oct 15 | Oct 18 | Oct 20 | Oct 24 |
| 24°F | Oct 5 | Oct 12 | Oct 16 | Oct 19 | Oct 22 | Oct 25 | Oct 29 | Nov 2 | Nov 6 |
| 20°F | Oct 19 | Oct 24 | Oct 28 | Oct 31 | Nov 3 | Nov 6 | Nov 9 | Nov 13 | Nov 16 |
| 16°F | Oct 30 | Nov 3 | Nov 7 | Nov 10 | Nov 13 | Nov 16 | Nov 19 | Nov 22 | Nov 27 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 131 | 124 | 119 | 116 | 112 | 108 | 104 | 99 | 93 |
| 32°F | 154 | 147 | 142 | 137 | 133 | 129 | 125 | 120 | 113 |
| 28°F | 177 | 171 | 166 | 161 | 158 | 153 | 148 | 142 | 134 |
| 24°F | 204 | 196 | 190 | 185 | 181 | 176 | 171 | 166 | 158 |
| 20°F | 237 | 227 | 219 | 213 | 208 | 203 | 198 | 193 | 184 |
| 16°F | 266 | 258 | 251 | 245 | 240 | 236 | 229 | 221 | 213 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 6,877
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 315
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 4,070
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 3,012
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 2,116
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 1,365
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 764
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,217 | 0 | 0 |
| February | 979 | 0 | 0 |
| March | 837 | 0 | 2 |
| April | 596 | 0 | 29 |
| May | 346 | 4 | 165 |
| June | 88 | 54 | 417 |
| July | 9 | 147 | 603 |
| August | 19 | 97 | 542 |
| September | 168 | 14 | 304 |
| October | 539 | 0 | 52 |
| November | 873 | 0 | 1 |
| December | 1,206 | 0 | 0 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 3.1 km from Monticello. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00425805 (Monticello 2E). Public domain.