Dover Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Dover 1 W. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around April 4 and the first fall freeze around October 31, a growing season of about 210 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last April 17, first October 22
- Median at 32°F
- last April 4, first October 31
- Median at 28°F
- last March 23, first November 11
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 1 | Apr 27 | Apr 23 | Apr 20 | Apr 17 | Apr 13 | Apr 10 | Apr 7 | Apr 1 |
| 32°F | Apr 21 | Apr 15 | Apr 10 | Apr 8 | Apr 4 | Apr 1 | Mar 29 | Mar 24 | Mar 17 |
| 28°F | Apr 9 | Apr 3 | Mar 31 | Mar 27 | Mar 23 | Mar 19 | Mar 15 | Mar 9 | Mar 1 |
| 24°F | Mar 30 | Mar 23 | Mar 17 | Mar 14 | Mar 10 | Mar 5 | Mar 1 | Feb 25 | Feb 17 |
| 20°F | Mar 17 | Mar 12 | Mar 6 | Mar 1 | Feb 26 | Feb 22 | Feb 16 | Feb 11 | Feb 5 |
| 16°F | Mar 6 | Feb 28 | Feb 23 | Feb 17 | Feb 11 | Feb 6 | Feb 2 | Jan 29 | Jan 17 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Oct 10 | Oct 14 | Oct 18 | Oct 20 | Oct 22 | Oct 24 | Oct 26 | Oct 29 | Nov 1 |
| 32°F | Oct 18 | Oct 23 | Oct 26 | Oct 29 | Oct 31 | Nov 2 | Nov 5 | Nov 9 | Nov 15 |
| 28°F | Oct 31 | Nov 2 | Nov 5 | Nov 8 | Nov 11 | Nov 14 | Nov 18 | Nov 24 | Nov 30 |
| 24°F | Nov 8 | Nov 13 | Nov 17 | Nov 21 | Nov 25 | Nov 28 | Dec 1 | Dec 5 | Dec 13 |
| 20°F | Nov 17 | Nov 23 | Nov 28 | Dec 1 | Dec 6 | Dec 11 | Dec 17 | Dec 23 | Dec 29 |
| 16°F | Nov 28 | Dec 4 | Dec 11 | Dec 18 | Dec 24 | Dec 29 | Jan 3 | Jan 10 | Jan 19 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 207 | 201 | 196 | 191 | 188 | 184 | 180 | 175 | 169 |
| 32°F | 232 | 224 | 219 | 214 | 210 | 205 | 201 | 196 | 190 |
| 28°F | 260 | 251 | 244 | 239 | 234 | 229 | 224 | 218 | 209 |
| 24°F | 286 | 278 | 272 | 267 | 261 | 256 | 249 | 243 | 234 |
| 20°F | 316 | 307 | 299 | 293 | 287 | 281 | 275 | 268 | 259 |
| 16°F | 341 | 332 | 325 | 319 | 313 | 306 | 301 | 293 | 282 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 98% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 3,845
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 1,539
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 7,312
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 5,860
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 4,553
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 3,394
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 2,390
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 877 | 0 | 21 |
| February | 684 | 1 | 32 |
| March | 493 | 9 | 122 |
| April | 227 | 38 | 291 |
| May | 64 | 131 | 532 |
| June | 4 | 302 | 748 |
| July | 0 | 415 | 880 |
| August | 1 | 394 | 859 |
| September | 27 | 204 | 627 |
| October | 219 | 41 | 307 |
| November | 489 | 4 | 103 |
| December | 761 | 0 | 31 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 2.3 km from Dover. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00402589 (Dover 1 W). Public domain.