Lead Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Lead. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around May 18 and the first fall freeze around September 29, a growing season of about 133 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last May 29, first September 21
- Median at 32°F
- last May 18, first September 29
- Median at 28°F
- last May 6, first October 7
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Jun 14 | Jun 7 | Jun 3 | May 31 | May 29 | May 26 | May 23 | May 20 | May 17 |
| 32°F | Jun 1 | May 28 | May 24 | May 21 | May 18 | May 16 | May 12 | May 9 | May 5 |
| 28°F | May 21 | May 16 | May 13 | May 9 | May 6 | May 3 | May 1 | Apr 28 | Apr 22 |
| 24°F | May 9 | May 4 | May 1 | Apr 28 | Apr 25 | Apr 21 | Apr 18 | Apr 14 | Apr 9 |
| 20°F | Apr 29 | Apr 24 | Apr 19 | Apr 16 | Apr 13 | Apr 10 | Apr 7 | Apr 3 | Mar 28 |
| 16°F | Apr 20 | Apr 15 | Apr 11 | Apr 8 | Apr 4 | Apr 1 | Mar 27 | Mar 23 | Mar 15 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 7 | Sep 11 | Sep 14 | Sep 18 | Sep 21 | Sep 23 | Sep 25 | Sep 28 | Oct 2 |
| 32°F | Sep 15 | Sep 20 | Sep 24 | Sep 27 | Sep 29 | Oct 1 | Oct 4 | Oct 8 | Oct 13 |
| 28°F | Sep 23 | Sep 28 | Oct 1 | Oct 4 | Oct 7 | Oct 11 | Oct 15 | Oct 18 | Oct 23 |
| 24°F | Sep 30 | Oct 4 | Oct 9 | Oct 13 | Oct 16 | Oct 19 | Oct 23 | Oct 27 | Nov 1 |
| 20°F | Oct 7 | Oct 13 | Oct 17 | Oct 21 | Oct 24 | Oct 28 | Nov 1 | Nov 5 | Nov 10 |
| 16°F | Oct 15 | Oct 22 | Oct 27 | Oct 31 | Nov 3 | Nov 7 | Nov 10 | Nov 14 | Nov 21 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 130 | 124 | 119 | 116 | 112 | 107 | 103 | 99 | 91 |
| 32°F | 153 | 147 | 141 | 137 | 133 | 129 | 124 | 120 | 112 |
| 28°F | 174 | 168 | 162 | 158 | 154 | 149 | 145 | 139 | 130 |
| 24°F | 197 | 188 | 183 | 178 | 173 | 168 | 164 | 159 | 151 |
| 20°F | 217 | 209 | 203 | 197 | 193 | 188 | 183 | 178 | 170 |
| 16°F | 240 | 231 | 224 | 218 | 213 | 206 | 201 | 196 | 188 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 7,206
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 425
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 4,074
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 3,028
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 2,153
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 1,428
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 849
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,147 | 0 | 1 |
| February | 1,030 | 0 | 2 |
| March | 904 | 0 | 13 |
| April | 674 | 0 | 39 |
| May | 414 | 8 | 148 |
| June | 146 | 59 | 372 |
| July | 33 | 163 | 595 |
| August | 47 | 141 | 561 |
| September | 211 | 49 | 317 |
| October | 583 | 3 | 89 |
| November | 879 | 0 | 16 |
| December | 1,138 | 0 | 1 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 1.8 km from Lead. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00394834 (Lead). Public domain.