Landis climate

Landis Frost Dates and Growing Season

NOAA 1991-2020 normals for Concord, 15.2 km from Landis, elevation 700 ft

Frost and the growing season

NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Concord. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.

The last spring freeze typically comes around April 1 and the first fall freeze around November 2, a growing season of about 215 days.

Median at 36°F
last April 14, first October 24
Median at 32°F
last April 1, first November 2
Median at 28°F
last March 20, first November 13

Last freeze in spring

The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.

Threshold10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
36°FApr 30Apr 24Apr 20Apr 17Apr 14Apr 10Apr 7Apr 3Mar 30
32°FApr 16Apr 11Apr 6Apr 3Apr 1Mar 30Mar 26Mar 21Mar 16
28°FApr 5Mar 31Mar 27Mar 24Mar 20Mar 17Mar 13Mar 8Feb 28
24°FMar 26Mar 20Mar 15Mar 12Mar 7Mar 3Feb 28Feb 22Feb 11
20°FMar 14Mar 7Mar 2Feb 25Feb 18Feb 11Feb 5Jan 31Jan 20
16°FMar 3Feb 20Feb 12Feb 5Jan 31Jan 27Jan 21Jan 14Jan 3

First freeze in fall

The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.

Threshold10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
36°FOct 13Oct 17Oct 19Oct 22Oct 24Oct 27Oct 30Nov 1Nov 6
32°FOct 21Oct 25Oct 28Oct 31Nov 2Nov 5Nov 8Nov 12Nov 15
28°FNov 1Nov 4Nov 7Nov 10Nov 13Nov 16Nov 20Nov 25Dec 1
24°FNov 10Nov 15Nov 20Nov 24Nov 28Dec 1Dec 5Dec 11Dec 24
20°FNov 23Dec 1Dec 5Dec 10Dec 16Dec 24Dec 31Jan 5Jan 13
16°FDec 6Dec 15Dec 26Jan 1Jan 5Jan 10Jan 14Jan 19Jan 29

Growing season length

Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.

Threshold10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
36°F211206201197193189186180173
32°F235227222218215211206201195
28°F262255248242237233228223216
24°F295285277271264258253246239
20°F332321311305300291284276264
16°F365357346338332325316307300

How often it gets that cold

The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.

36°F or colder
100% of years
32°F or colder
100% of years
28°F or colder
100% of years
24°F or colder
100% of years
20°F or colder
99% of years
16°F or colder
89% of years

Degree days

A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.

Heating degree days, base 65°F
3,294
Cooling degree days, base 65°F
1,755
Growing degree days, base 40°F
7,824
Growing degree days, base 45°F
6,288
Growing degree days, base 50°F
4,914
Growing degree days, base 55°F
3,699
Growing degree days, base 60°F
2,648

Growing degree days by month, base 50°F

Heating and cooling by month

MonthHeating DDCooling DDGrowing DD 50
January749028
February587140
March4339141
April18548328
May49165582
June4353799
July0473938
August0419883
September16234667
October16848355
November4384113
December664140

What this means

NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.

The station is 15.2 km from Landis. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.

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Sources

NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00311975 (Concord). Public domain.