Ponca Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Vermillion 2 Se. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around May 3 and the first fall freeze around October 3, a growing season of about 153 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last May 11, first September 25
- Median at 32°F
- last May 3, first October 3
- Median at 28°F
- last April 24, first October 15
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 25 | May 20 | May 16 | May 14 | May 11 | May 9 | May 7 | May 4 | Apr 30 |
| 32°F | May 16 | May 12 | May 9 | May 5 | May 3 | Apr 30 | Apr 28 | Apr 25 | Apr 20 |
| 28°F | May 9 | May 3 | Apr 30 | Apr 27 | Apr 24 | Apr 21 | Apr 18 | Apr 15 | Apr 10 |
| 24°F | Apr 28 | Apr 23 | Apr 20 | Apr 17 | Apr 14 | Apr 10 | Apr 7 | Apr 3 | Mar 30 |
| 20°F | Apr 20 | Apr 14 | Apr 10 | Apr 7 | Apr 4 | Apr 2 | Mar 29 | Mar 24 | Mar 18 |
| 16°F | Apr 10 | Apr 5 | Apr 2 | Mar 30 | Mar 26 | Mar 22 | Mar 19 | Mar 14 | Mar 9 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 11 | Sep 16 | Sep 19 | Sep 22 | Sep 25 | Sep 28 | Sep 30 | Oct 3 | Oct 7 |
| 32°F | Sep 20 | Sep 24 | Sep 28 | Oct 1 | Oct 3 | Oct 6 | Oct 9 | Oct 13 | Oct 17 |
| 28°F | Sep 29 | Oct 3 | Oct 7 | Oct 11 | Oct 15 | Oct 18 | Oct 21 | Oct 23 | Oct 27 |
| 24°F | Oct 9 | Oct 15 | Oct 19 | Oct 22 | Oct 24 | Oct 27 | Oct 29 | Nov 1 | Nov 5 |
| 20°F | Oct 20 | Oct 25 | Oct 28 | Oct 31 | Nov 1 | Nov 4 | Nov 6 | Nov 10 | Nov 14 |
| 16°F | Oct 29 | Nov 2 | Nov 4 | Nov 7 | Nov 10 | Nov 13 | Nov 15 | Nov 19 | Nov 25 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 152 | 147 | 142 | 138 | 135 | 131 | 129 | 124 | 118 |
| 32°F | 171 | 165 | 160 | 157 | 153 | 149 | 145 | 140 | 133 |
| 28°F | 192 | 185 | 180 | 175 | 171 | 167 | 163 | 158 | 151 |
| 24°F | 212 | 204 | 200 | 196 | 192 | 188 | 183 | 178 | 170 |
| 20°F | 231 | 224 | 219 | 214 | 209 | 206 | 202 | 197 | 190 |
| 16°F | 251 | 243 | 238 | 233 | 229 | 224 | 219 | 213 | 206 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 6,758
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 904
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 5,269
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 4,158
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 3,160
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 2,280
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 1,527
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,384 | 0 | 0 |
| February | 1,118 | 0 | 1 |
| March | 875 | 1 | 26 |
| April | 490 | 9 | 110 |
| May | 201 | 58 | 340 |
| June | 27 | 197 | 619 |
| July | 6 | 295 | 755 |
| August | 12 | 229 | 682 |
| September | 104 | 102 | 453 |
| October | 430 | 13 | 155 |
| November | 849 | 0 | 20 |
| December | 1,262 | 0 | 0 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 28.2 km from Ponca. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00398622 (Vermillion 2 Se). Public domain.