Hickman Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Crete 4ESE. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around April 23 and the first fall freeze around October 12, a growing season of about 170 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last May 3, first October 5
- Median at 32°F
- last April 23, first October 12
- Median at 28°F
- last April 13, first October 22
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 15 | May 11 | May 8 | May 6 | May 3 | May 1 | Apr 29 | Apr 25 | Apr 19 |
| 32°F | May 6 | May 3 | Apr 30 | Apr 27 | Apr 23 | Apr 20 | Apr 17 | Apr 14 | Apr 9 |
| 28°F | Apr 29 | Apr 23 | Apr 20 | Apr 16 | Apr 13 | Apr 10 | Apr 7 | Apr 4 | Mar 31 |
| 24°F | Apr 21 | Apr 14 | Apr 10 | Apr 7 | Apr 4 | Apr 2 | Mar 30 | Mar 26 | Mar 20 |
| 20°F | Apr 11 | Apr 5 | Apr 1 | Mar 30 | Mar 27 | Mar 23 | Mar 20 | Mar 15 | Mar 9 |
| 16°F | Apr 2 | Mar 29 | Mar 24 | Mar 21 | Mar 16 | Mar 13 | Mar 9 | Mar 5 | Mar 2 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 22 | Sep 27 | Sep 30 | Oct 2 | Oct 5 | Oct 7 | Oct 10 | Oct 13 | Oct 17 |
| 32°F | Sep 28 | Oct 2 | Oct 6 | Oct 9 | Oct 12 | Oct 15 | Oct 18 | Oct 21 | Oct 25 |
| 28°F | Oct 3 | Oct 11 | Oct 15 | Oct 19 | Oct 22 | Oct 24 | Oct 28 | Nov 1 | Nov 5 |
| 24°F | Oct 14 | Oct 21 | Oct 25 | Oct 28 | Nov 1 | Nov 3 | Nov 6 | Nov 10 | Nov 15 |
| 20°F | Oct 23 | Oct 30 | Nov 2 | Nov 5 | Nov 8 | Nov 11 | Nov 14 | Nov 20 | Nov 26 |
| 16°F | Oct 31 | Nov 5 | Nov 9 | Nov 13 | Nov 16 | Nov 20 | Nov 24 | Nov 28 | Dec 3 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 171 | 164 | 160 | 156 | 153 | 149 | 146 | 141 | 135 |
| 32°F | 189 | 184 | 179 | 174 | 170 | 167 | 163 | 157 | 152 |
| 28°F | 210 | 203 | 198 | 193 | 189 | 186 | 181 | 175 | 166 |
| 24°F | 230 | 222 | 217 | 213 | 209 | 204 | 200 | 194 | 186 |
| 20°F | 250 | 241 | 235 | 231 | 226 | 222 | 217 | 212 | 204 |
| 16°F | 268 | 260 | 254 | 248 | 243 | 238 | 233 | 228 | 218 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 6,061
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 1,039
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 5,672
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 4,493
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 3,441
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 2,510
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 1,707
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,271 | 0 | 0 |
| February | 1,012 | 0 | 4 |
| March | 784 | 1 | 35 |
| April | 427 | 9 | 140 |
| May | 169 | 64 | 370 |
| June | 19 | 217 | 648 |
| July | 3 | 335 | 797 |
| August | 5 | 275 | 735 |
| September | 85 | 123 | 492 |
| October | 370 | 16 | 192 |
| November | 764 | 0 | 29 |
| December | 1,151 | 0 | 1 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 20.5 km from Hickman. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00252020 (Crete 4ESE). Public domain.