Fertile Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Ada. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around May 11 and the first fall freeze around September 27, a growing season of about 137 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last May 22, first September 17
- Median at 32°F
- last May 11, first September 27
- Median at 28°F
- last May 2, first October 6
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Jun 3 | May 31 | May 27 | May 25 | May 22 | May 19 | May 16 | May 13 | May 9 |
| 32°F | May 25 | May 20 | May 17 | May 14 | May 11 | May 8 | May 6 | May 3 | Apr 30 |
| 28°F | May 18 | May 13 | May 8 | May 5 | May 2 | Apr 30 | Apr 27 | Apr 24 | Apr 18 |
| 24°F | May 7 | May 2 | Apr 29 | Apr 25 | Apr 22 | Apr 19 | Apr 16 | Apr 12 | Apr 7 |
| 20°F | Apr 27 | Apr 21 | Apr 18 | Apr 15 | Apr 12 | Apr 9 | Apr 6 | Apr 4 | Mar 31 |
| 16°F | Apr 18 | Apr 13 | Apr 9 | Apr 7 | Apr 4 | Apr 3 | Apr 1 | Mar 27 | Mar 22 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 2 | Sep 8 | Sep 12 | Sep 15 | Sep 17 | Sep 20 | Sep 22 | Sep 25 | Sep 29 |
| 32°F | Sep 14 | Sep 19 | Sep 22 | Sep 25 | Sep 27 | Sep 30 | Oct 2 | Oct 5 | Oct 9 |
| 28°F | Sep 23 | Sep 27 | Oct 1 | Oct 3 | Oct 6 | Oct 9 | Oct 13 | Oct 17 | Oct 21 |
| 24°F | Oct 1 | Oct 6 | Oct 10 | Oct 14 | Oct 18 | Oct 22 | Oct 25 | Oct 28 | Nov 2 |
| 20°F | Oct 11 | Oct 19 | Oct 23 | Oct 27 | Oct 30 | Nov 1 | Nov 3 | Nov 6 | Nov 11 |
| 16°F | Oct 25 | Oct 30 | Nov 1 | Nov 3 | Nov 5 | Nov 8 | Nov 11 | Nov 14 | Nov 20 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 137 | 130 | 125 | 121 | 117 | 114 | 110 | 105 | 97 |
| 32°F | 155 | 149 | 145 | 141 | 137 | 133 | 129 | 124 | 118 |
| 28°F | 175 | 168 | 163 | 159 | 155 | 152 | 147 | 143 | 135 |
| 24°F | 198 | 191 | 185 | 181 | 176 | 172 | 167 | 161 | 154 |
| 20°F | 218 | 211 | 206 | 202 | 197 | 193 | 188 | 181 | 174 |
| 16°F | 232 | 226 | 222 | 218 | 215 | 211 | 207 | 202 | 195 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 9,471
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 392
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 3,844
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 2,923
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 2,111
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 1,407
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 826
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,827 | 0 | 0 |
| February | 1,540 | 0 | 0 |
| March | 1,256 | 0 | 2 |
| April | 716 | 0 | 31 |
| May | 347 | 18 | 201 |
| June | 85 | 83 | 450 |
| July | 29 | 145 | 581 |
| August | 52 | 109 | 522 |
| September | 237 | 33 | 271 |
| October | 660 | 3 | 51 |
| November | 1,124 | 0 | 1 |
| December | 1,600 | 0 | 0 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 31.8 km from Fertile. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00210018 (Ada). Public domain.