Vanderbilt Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Gaylord. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around May 25 and the first fall freeze around September 26, a growing season of about 125 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last June 5, first September 16
- Median at 32°F
- last May 25, first September 26
- Median at 28°F
- last May 13, first October 7
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Jun 29 | Jun 19 | Jun 13 | Jun 9 | Jun 5 | Jun 3 | May 31 | May 27 | May 22 |
| 32°F | Jun 8 | Jun 3 | May 31 | May 28 | May 25 | May 22 | May 19 | May 15 | May 8 |
| 28°F | May 27 | May 22 | May 19 | May 17 | May 13 | May 9 | May 5 | May 1 | Apr 28 |
| 24°F | May 18 | May 12 | May 7 | May 3 | Apr 30 | Apr 28 | Apr 25 | Apr 21 | Apr 16 |
| 20°F | May 4 | Apr 30 | Apr 27 | Apr 24 | Apr 21 | Apr 18 | Apr 15 | Apr 10 | Apr 5 |
| 16°F | Apr 24 | Apr 20 | Apr 17 | Apr 13 | Apr 10 | Apr 7 | Apr 4 | Apr 2 | Mar 29 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Aug 31 | Sep 6 | Sep 10 | Sep 13 | Sep 16 | Sep 19 | Sep 21 | Sep 24 | Sep 28 |
| 32°F | Sep 13 | Sep 18 | Sep 21 | Sep 24 | Sep 26 | Sep 29 | Oct 1 | Oct 4 | Oct 9 |
| 28°F | Sep 24 | Sep 29 | Oct 1 | Oct 4 | Oct 7 | Oct 9 | Oct 12 | Oct 16 | Oct 21 |
| 24°F | Oct 5 | Oct 10 | Oct 14 | Oct 17 | Oct 20 | Oct 23 | Oct 27 | Oct 31 | Nov 4 |
| 20°F | Oct 20 | Oct 25 | Oct 28 | Nov 1 | Nov 3 | Nov 5 | Nov 8 | Nov 11 | Nov 17 |
| 16°F | Nov 1 | Nov 4 | Nov 7 | Nov 10 | Nov 13 | Nov 16 | Nov 20 | Nov 25 | Nov 29 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 122 | 115 | 110 | 106 | 101 | 96 | 90 | 85 | 74 |
| 32°F | 146 | 139 | 133 | 129 | 125 | 121 | 118 | 112 | 106 |
| 28°F | 170 | 163 | 157 | 153 | 149 | 144 | 140 | 135 | 128 |
| 24°F | 193 | 186 | 181 | 176 | 173 | 169 | 164 | 159 | 153 |
| 20°F | 217 | 210 | 204 | 200 | 195 | 190 | 186 | 182 | 175 |
| 16°F | 235 | 228 | 223 | 219 | 215 | 211 | 207 | 202 | 196 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 8,789
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 246
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 3,461
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 2,562
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 1,779
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 1,115
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 594
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,520 | 0 | 0 |
| February | 1,361 | 0 | 0 |
| March | 1,209 | 0 | 5 |
| April | 791 | 1 | 24 |
| May | 415 | 13 | 156 |
| June | 143 | 52 | 365 |
| July | 63 | 95 | 498 |
| August | 86 | 63 | 442 |
| September | 263 | 20 | 235 |
| October | 642 | 2 | 51 |
| November | 980 | 0 | 4 |
| December | 1,316 | 0 | 0 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 12.8 km from Vanderbilt. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00203096 (Gaylord). Public domain.