Williamsburg Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Worthington. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around May 13 and the first fall freeze around October 2, a growing season of about 144 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last May 25, first September 22
- Median at 32°F
- last May 13, first October 2
- Median at 28°F
- last April 30, first October 14
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Jun 7 | Jun 3 | May 31 | May 28 | May 25 | May 22 | May 20 | May 16 | May 11 |
| 32°F | May 26 | May 21 | May 18 | May 15 | May 13 | May 10 | May 6 | May 3 | Apr 29 |
| 28°F | May 13 | May 8 | May 4 | May 2 | Apr 30 | Apr 27 | Apr 24 | Apr 20 | Apr 15 |
| 24°F | Apr 30 | Apr 24 | Apr 21 | Apr 17 | Apr 15 | Apr 11 | Apr 8 | Apr 5 | Apr 2 |
| 20°F | Apr 16 | Apr 11 | Apr 7 | Apr 5 | Apr 3 | Apr 2 | Mar 31 | Mar 27 | Mar 20 |
| 16°F | Apr 6 | Apr 3 | Apr 1 | Mar 30 | Mar 28 | Mar 24 | Mar 20 | Mar 17 | Mar 13 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 10 | Sep 14 | Sep 17 | Sep 19 | Sep 22 | Sep 24 | Sep 27 | Sep 30 | Oct 3 |
| 32°F | Sep 20 | Sep 24 | Sep 28 | Sep 30 | Oct 2 | Oct 4 | Oct 6 | Oct 10 | Oct 15 |
| 28°F | Oct 1 | Oct 3 | Oct 7 | Oct 10 | Oct 14 | Oct 18 | Oct 21 | Oct 25 | Oct 31 |
| 24°F | Oct 10 | Oct 16 | Oct 21 | Oct 25 | Oct 29 | Nov 1 | Nov 3 | Nov 7 | Nov 12 |
| 20°F | Oct 25 | Nov 1 | Nov 2 | Nov 5 | Nov 8 | Nov 11 | Nov 14 | Nov 18 | Nov 22 |
| 16°F | Nov 5 | Nov 11 | Nov 15 | Nov 18 | Nov 20 | Nov 23 | Nov 27 | Dec 1 | Dec 5 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 139 | 132 | 127 | 123 | 120 | 117 | 112 | 108 | 102 |
| 32°F | 162 | 156 | 151 | 147 | 144 | 140 | 136 | 131 | 123 |
| 28°F | 190 | 183 | 177 | 172 | 168 | 164 | 160 | 155 | 147 |
| 24°F | 216 | 209 | 205 | 200 | 196 | 192 | 186 | 181 | 172 |
| 20°F | 238 | 231 | 226 | 222 | 217 | 214 | 210 | 206 | 197 |
| 16°F | 260 | 252 | 247 | 243 | 238 | 234 | 230 | 225 | 218 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 7,439
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 301
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 3,946
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 2,924
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 2,046
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 1,308
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 716
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,342 | 0 | 1 |
| February | 1,158 | 0 | 0 |
| March | 1,037 | 0 | 4 |
| April | 647 | 2 | 38 |
| May | 335 | 12 | 183 |
| June | 112 | 55 | 395 |
| July | 27 | 119 | 556 |
| August | 47 | 87 | 505 |
| September | 200 | 26 | 286 |
| October | 539 | 1 | 67 |
| November | 837 | 0 | 9 |
| December | 1,159 | 0 | 1 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 15.7 km from Williamsburg. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00199972 (Worthington). Public domain.