Wapello Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for New Boston Dam 17. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around April 14 and the first fall freeze around October 24, a growing season of about 190 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last April 27, first October 14
- Median at 32°F
- last April 14, first October 24
- Median at 28°F
- last April 5, first November 1
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 14 | May 7 | May 3 | Apr 30 | Apr 27 | Apr 23 | Apr 20 | Apr 16 | Apr 11 |
| 32°F | May 2 | Apr 27 | Apr 21 | Apr 17 | Apr 14 | Apr 11 | Apr 9 | Apr 6 | Apr 1 |
| 28°F | Apr 21 | Apr 14 | Apr 10 | Apr 7 | Apr 5 | Apr 2 | Mar 31 | Mar 26 | Mar 18 |
| 24°F | Apr 9 | Apr 4 | Apr 1 | Mar 29 | Mar 25 | Mar 22 | Mar 18 | Mar 13 | Mar 8 |
| 20°F | Mar 30 | Mar 25 | Mar 21 | Mar 18 | Mar 15 | Mar 12 | Mar 9 | Mar 5 | Mar 1 |
| 16°F | Mar 22 | Mar 17 | Mar 13 | Mar 10 | Mar 8 | Mar 5 | Mar 3 | Feb 28 | Feb 23 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 30 | Oct 4 | Oct 7 | Oct 11 | Oct 14 | Oct 16 | Oct 19 | Oct 21 | Oct 26 |
| 32°F | Oct 9 | Oct 16 | Oct 19 | Oct 22 | Oct 24 | Oct 26 | Oct 28 | Oct 31 | Nov 4 |
| 28°F | Oct 21 | Oct 26 | Oct 29 | Oct 31 | Nov 1 | Nov 4 | Nov 7 | Nov 11 | Nov 17 |
| 24°F | Oct 31 | Nov 3 | Nov 6 | Nov 9 | Nov 12 | Nov 15 | Nov 19 | Nov 23 | Nov 29 |
| 20°F | Nov 7 | Nov 12 | Nov 16 | Nov 20 | Nov 23 | Nov 27 | Nov 30 | Dec 4 | Dec 10 |
| 16°F | Nov 16 | Nov 21 | Nov 26 | Nov 29 | Dec 1 | Dec 4 | Dec 8 | Dec 13 | Dec 20 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 188 | 181 | 176 | 173 | 168 | 164 | 160 | 154 | 147 |
| 32°F | 209 | 203 | 199 | 195 | 190 | 185 | 181 | 175 | 169 |
| 28°F | 232 | 225 | 220 | 214 | 210 | 207 | 203 | 198 | 189 |
| 24°F | 254 | 246 | 241 | 236 | 232 | 227 | 223 | 218 | 211 |
| 20°F | 276 | 267 | 262 | 256 | 252 | 247 | 242 | 237 | 229 |
| 16°F | 291 | 283 | 278 | 273 | 268 | 263 | 258 | 253 | 246 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 6,023
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 1,032
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 5,664
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 4,488
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 3,439
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 2,509
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 1,704
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,289 | 0 | 0 |
| February | 1,050 | 0 | 2 |
| March | 804 | 1 | 33 |
| April | 422 | 7 | 132 |
| May | 152 | 69 | 389 |
| June | 16 | 232 | 666 |
| July | 2 | 332 | 795 |
| August | 4 | 265 | 725 |
| September | 82 | 110 | 480 |
| October | 363 | 16 | 185 |
| November | 731 | 0 | 29 |
| December | 1,108 | 0 | 3 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 10.7 km from Wapello. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00116080 (New Boston Dam 17). Public domain.