Dexter Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Winterset 1S. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around April 30 and the first fall freeze around October 3, a growing season of about 157 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last May 9, first September 26
- Median at 32°F
- last April 30, first October 3
- Median at 28°F
- last April 20, first October 15
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 22 | May 18 | May 14 | May 11 | May 9 | May 7 | May 4 | May 1 | Apr 27 |
| 32°F | May 11 | May 7 | May 4 | May 2 | Apr 30 | Apr 28 | Apr 24 | Apr 21 | Apr 17 |
| 28°F | May 3 | Apr 30 | Apr 26 | Apr 23 | Apr 20 | Apr 17 | Apr 15 | Apr 11 | Apr 6 |
| 24°F | Apr 24 | Apr 20 | Apr 17 | Apr 13 | Apr 10 | Apr 8 | Apr 5 | Apr 1 | Mar 27 |
| 20°F | Apr 17 | Apr 11 | Apr 7 | Apr 4 | Apr 2 | Mar 31 | Mar 26 | Mar 21 | Mar 14 |
| 16°F | Apr 8 | Apr 2 | Mar 31 | Mar 27 | Mar 23 | Mar 19 | Mar 14 | Mar 10 | Mar 4 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 12 | Sep 17 | Sep 20 | Sep 23 | Sep 26 | Sep 29 | Oct 1 | Oct 4 | Oct 9 |
| 32°F | Sep 20 | Sep 25 | Sep 28 | Oct 1 | Oct 3 | Oct 6 | Oct 11 | Oct 14 | Oct 20 |
| 28°F | Sep 29 | Oct 3 | Oct 8 | Oct 12 | Oct 15 | Oct 18 | Oct 22 | Oct 25 | Oct 28 |
| 24°F | Oct 10 | Oct 16 | Oct 20 | Oct 24 | Oct 26 | Oct 29 | Oct 31 | Nov 2 | Nov 7 |
| 20°F | Oct 20 | Oct 26 | Oct 30 | Nov 1 | Nov 3 | Nov 5 | Nov 9 | Nov 13 | Nov 19 |
| 16°F | Oct 30 | Nov 2 | Nov 6 | Nov 9 | Nov 12 | Nov 15 | Nov 19 | Nov 24 | Dec 1 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 158 | 152 | 148 | 144 | 140 | 136 | 132 | 127 | 121 |
| 32°F | 178 | 171 | 165 | 161 | 157 | 153 | 149 | 144 | 138 |
| 28°F | 197 | 192 | 187 | 183 | 178 | 174 | 169 | 164 | 156 |
| 24°F | 218 | 211 | 206 | 202 | 197 | 194 | 190 | 185 | 177 |
| 20°F | 238 | 231 | 227 | 221 | 216 | 211 | 207 | 201 | 194 |
| 16°F | 259 | 251 | 245 | 239 | 234 | 230 | 225 | 219 | 210 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 6,870
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 738
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 5,008
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 3,903
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 2,919
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 2,058
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 1,329
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,400 | 0 | 0 |
| February | 1,148 | 0 | 1 |
| March | 893 | 1 | 27 |
| April | 515 | 3 | 90 |
| May | 213 | 40 | 309 |
| June | 32 | 157 | 575 |
| July | 7 | 255 | 713 |
| August | 18 | 199 | 646 |
| September | 132 | 75 | 399 |
| October | 450 | 10 | 141 |
| November | 839 | 0 | 19 |
| December | 1,224 | 0 | 1 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 28.5 km from Dexter. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00139132 (Winterset 1S). Public domain.