Atkins Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Cedar Rapids Muni AP. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around April 27 and the first fall freeze around October 11, a growing season of about 165 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last May 6, first October 1
- Median at 32°F
- last April 27, first October 11
- Median at 28°F
- last April 16, first October 21
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 20 | May 14 | May 11 | May 8 | May 6 | May 3 | May 1 | Apr 28 | Apr 23 |
| 32°F | May 11 | May 6 | May 3 | Apr 30 | Apr 27 | Apr 24 | Apr 22 | Apr 17 | Apr 13 |
| 28°F | May 1 | Apr 26 | Apr 22 | Apr 20 | Apr 16 | Apr 13 | Apr 10 | Apr 7 | Apr 3 |
| 24°F | Apr 21 | Apr 16 | Apr 12 | Apr 9 | Apr 6 | Apr 4 | Apr 1 | Mar 30 | Mar 23 |
| 20°F | Apr 11 | Apr 6 | Apr 3 | Apr 1 | Mar 30 | Mar 26 | Mar 21 | Mar 18 | Mar 11 |
| 16°F | Apr 2 | Mar 29 | Mar 25 | Mar 21 | Mar 18 | Mar 14 | Mar 12 | Mar 7 | Mar 3 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 16 | Sep 21 | Sep 24 | Sep 28 | Oct 1 | Oct 3 | Oct 6 | Oct 9 | Oct 14 |
| 32°F | Sep 25 | Oct 1 | Oct 5 | Oct 8 | Oct 11 | Oct 13 | Oct 16 | Oct 19 | Oct 23 |
| 28°F | Oct 7 | Oct 12 | Oct 16 | Oct 19 | Oct 21 | Oct 23 | Oct 26 | Oct 29 | Nov 1 |
| 24°F | Oct 17 | Oct 22 | Oct 24 | Oct 27 | Oct 29 | Nov 1 | Nov 3 | Nov 6 | Nov 12 |
| 20°F | Oct 27 | Oct 31 | Nov 2 | Nov 5 | Nov 8 | Nov 10 | Nov 13 | Nov 18 | Nov 24 |
| 16°F | Nov 3 | Nov 7 | Nov 10 | Nov 13 | Nov 16 | Nov 20 | Nov 24 | Nov 28 | Dec 3 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 165 | 159 | 154 | 150 | 147 | 143 | 139 | 135 | 129 |
| 32°F | 184 | 177 | 173 | 169 | 165 | 162 | 157 | 152 | 146 |
| 28°F | 207 | 199 | 194 | 190 | 186 | 183 | 179 | 174 | 166 |
| 24°F | 227 | 219 | 214 | 209 | 206 | 202 | 198 | 192 | 186 |
| 20°F | 245 | 238 | 234 | 229 | 224 | 220 | 215 | 210 | 204 |
| 16°F | 265 | 258 | 252 | 246 | 243 | 238 | 234 | 229 | 222 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 6,824
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 755
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 5,046
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 3,944
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 2,962
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 2,099
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 1,360
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,407 | 0 | 0 |
| February | 1,147 | 0 | 1 |
| March | 883 | 1 | 25 |
| April | 490 | 5 | 98 |
| May | 197 | 52 | 333 |
| June | 26 | 173 | 597 |
| July | 5 | 245 | 705 |
| August | 13 | 193 | 645 |
| September | 128 | 77 | 405 |
| October | 453 | 10 | 135 |
| November | 842 | 0 | 18 |
| December | 1,234 | 0 | 1 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 17.4 km from Atkins. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USW00014990 (Cedar Rapids Muni AP). Public domain.