Sullivan Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Farmersburg TV-2. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around April 8 and the first fall freeze around October 27, a growing season of about 201 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last April 20, first October 15
- Median at 32°F
- last April 8, first October 27
- Median at 28°F
- last March 29, first November 6
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 8 | May 2 | Apr 27 | Apr 23 | Apr 20 | Apr 17 | Apr 13 | Apr 9 | Apr 5 |
| 32°F | Apr 24 | Apr 19 | Apr 14 | Apr 10 | Apr 8 | Apr 5 | Apr 2 | Mar 31 | Mar 25 |
| 28°F | Apr 12 | Apr 6 | Apr 3 | Mar 31 | Mar 29 | Mar 25 | Mar 21 | Mar 17 | Mar 12 |
| 24°F | Apr 2 | Mar 29 | Mar 24 | Mar 20 | Mar 17 | Mar 14 | Mar 10 | Mar 5 | Feb 28 |
| 20°F | Mar 24 | Mar 18 | Mar 14 | Mar 10 | Mar 7 | Mar 3 | Feb 28 | Feb 24 | Feb 17 |
| 16°F | Mar 16 | Mar 10 | Mar 5 | Mar 2 | Feb 27 | Feb 22 | Feb 17 | Feb 12 | Feb 5 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Oct 2 | Oct 7 | Oct 10 | Oct 12 | Oct 15 | Oct 18 | Oct 21 | Oct 23 | Oct 28 |
| 32°F | Oct 12 | Oct 18 | Oct 21 | Oct 24 | Oct 27 | Oct 29 | Nov 1 | Nov 3 | Nov 8 |
| 28°F | Oct 24 | Oct 29 | Nov 1 | Nov 4 | Nov 6 | Nov 10 | Nov 14 | Nov 18 | Nov 25 |
| 24°F | Nov 4 | Nov 8 | Nov 12 | Nov 16 | Nov 19 | Nov 24 | Nov 28 | Dec 2 | Dec 8 |
| 20°F | Nov 11 | Nov 17 | Nov 22 | Nov 27 | Dec 1 | Dec 4 | Dec 8 | Dec 14 | Dec 20 |
| 16°F | Nov 20 | Nov 28 | Dec 3 | Dec 6 | Dec 11 | Dec 15 | Dec 20 | Dec 23 | Dec 28 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 198 | 190 | 186 | 181 | 177 | 173 | 168 | 163 | 155 |
| 32°F | 222 | 214 | 208 | 204 | 201 | 196 | 191 | 186 | 179 |
| 28°F | 247 | 239 | 233 | 227 | 223 | 218 | 214 | 209 | 202 |
| 24°F | 273 | 263 | 257 | 252 | 246 | 242 | 237 | 230 | 222 |
| 20°F | 295 | 286 | 280 | 274 | 269 | 264 | 257 | 252 | 243 |
| 16°F | 311 | 303 | 297 | 293 | 287 | 282 | 276 | 269 | 260 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 5,012
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 1,243
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 6,352
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 5,061
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 3,910
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 2,894
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 2,006
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,100 | 0 | 3 |
| February | 892 | 0 | 9 |
| March | 670 | 4 | 65 |
| April | 310 | 15 | 211 |
| May | 105 | 111 | 475 |
| June | 4 | 263 | 709 |
| July | 1 | 356 | 820 |
| August | 2 | 311 | 775 |
| September | 55 | 154 | 550 |
| October | 298 | 28 | 238 |
| November | 623 | 2 | 49 |
| December | 953 | 0 | 8 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 16.5 km from Sullivan. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00122814 (Farmersburg TV-2). Public domain.