Red Bud Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Kaskaskia Rvr Navigation Lock. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around April 8 and the first fall freeze around October 30, a growing season of about 202 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last April 20, first October 18
- Median at 32°F
- last April 8, first October 30
- Median at 28°F
- last March 28, first November 10
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 5 | Apr 30 | Apr 26 | Apr 23 | Apr 20 | Apr 17 | Apr 14 | Apr 10 | Apr 5 |
| 32°F | Apr 25 | Apr 19 | Apr 15 | Apr 11 | Apr 8 | Apr 5 | Apr 2 | Mar 29 | Mar 22 |
| 28°F | Apr 13 | Apr 7 | Apr 3 | Mar 31 | Mar 28 | Mar 23 | Mar 19 | Mar 15 | Mar 9 |
| 24°F | Apr 2 | Mar 27 | Mar 22 | Mar 18 | Mar 14 | Mar 10 | Mar 7 | Mar 3 | Feb 26 |
| 20°F | Mar 22 | Mar 16 | Mar 12 | Mar 8 | Mar 4 | Mar 1 | Feb 26 | Feb 20 | Feb 9 |
| 16°F | Mar 14 | Mar 8 | Mar 4 | Feb 28 | Feb 24 | Feb 18 | Feb 11 | Feb 5 | Jan 30 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Oct 4 | Oct 9 | Oct 12 | Oct 15 | Oct 18 | Oct 20 | Oct 23 | Oct 27 | Oct 31 |
| 32°F | Oct 15 | Oct 20 | Oct 24 | Oct 28 | Oct 30 | Nov 1 | Nov 4 | Nov 8 | Nov 13 |
| 28°F | Oct 27 | Nov 1 | Nov 3 | Nov 6 | Nov 10 | Nov 13 | Nov 18 | Nov 23 | Nov 30 |
| 24°F | Nov 5 | Nov 12 | Nov 16 | Nov 20 | Nov 24 | Nov 28 | Dec 1 | Dec 5 | Dec 12 |
| 20°F | Nov 16 | Nov 23 | Nov 28 | Dec 1 | Dec 4 | Dec 8 | Dec 13 | Dec 18 | Dec 24 |
| 16°F | Nov 27 | Dec 1 | Dec 7 | Dec 11 | Dec 16 | Dec 21 | Dec 26 | Dec 30 | Jan 7 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 200 | 193 | 188 | 182 | 179 | 175 | 170 | 165 | 159 |
| 32°F | 226 | 218 | 212 | 207 | 202 | 198 | 193 | 187 | 180 |
| 28°F | 256 | 248 | 240 | 234 | 228 | 224 | 219 | 213 | 204 |
| 24°F | 280 | 272 | 265 | 259 | 254 | 249 | 244 | 237 | 228 |
| 20°F | 304 | 295 | 288 | 282 | 277 | 271 | 265 | 259 | 249 |
| 16°F | 326 | 316 | 308 | 303 | 298 | 292 | 287 | 279 | 270 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 4,576
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 1,461
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 6,780
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 5,430
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 4,230
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 3,171
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 2,247
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,017 | 0 | 7 |
| February | 798 | 0 | 15 |
| March | 606 | 3 | 75 |
| April | 298 | 22 | 222 |
| May | 89 | 119 | 496 |
| June | 5 | 308 | 753 |
| July | 0 | 425 | 890 |
| August | 2 | 364 | 828 |
| September | 43 | 180 | 587 |
| October | 256 | 37 | 276 |
| November | 571 | 2 | 70 |
| December | 891 | 0 | 12 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 25.8 km from Red Bud. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00114629 (Kaskaskia Rvr Navigation Lock). Public domain.