Nauvoo Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Ft Madison. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around April 12 and the first fall freeze around October 25, a growing season of about 194 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last April 24, first October 16
- Median at 32°F
- last April 12, first October 25
- Median at 28°F
- last April 3, first November 4
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 7 | May 4 | May 1 | Apr 27 | Apr 24 | Apr 21 | Apr 18 | Apr 14 | Apr 10 |
| 32°F | Apr 26 | Apr 22 | Apr 18 | Apr 15 | Apr 12 | Apr 10 | Apr 7 | Apr 4 | Apr 1 |
| 28°F | Apr 17 | Apr 11 | Apr 8 | Apr 5 | Apr 3 | Mar 31 | Mar 28 | Mar 24 | Mar 18 |
| 24°F | Apr 7 | Apr 3 | Mar 31 | Mar 27 | Mar 24 | Mar 20 | Mar 16 | Mar 12 | Mar 7 |
| 20°F | Mar 31 | Mar 25 | Mar 22 | Mar 18 | Mar 14 | Mar 11 | Mar 8 | Mar 4 | Feb 27 |
| 16°F | Mar 23 | Mar 17 | Mar 14 | Mar 10 | Mar 7 | Mar 4 | Mar 1 | Feb 25 | Feb 20 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Oct 1 | Oct 6 | Oct 9 | Oct 13 | Oct 16 | Oct 18 | Oct 20 | Oct 23 | Oct 27 |
| 32°F | Oct 11 | Oct 17 | Oct 20 | Oct 23 | Oct 25 | Oct 27 | Oct 30 | Nov 2 | Nov 6 |
| 28°F | Oct 23 | Oct 27 | Oct 31 | Nov 1 | Nov 4 | Nov 6 | Nov 9 | Nov 12 | Nov 18 |
| 24°F | Nov 1 | Nov 4 | Nov 7 | Nov 9 | Nov 12 | Nov 15 | Nov 19 | Nov 24 | Nov 30 |
| 20°F | Nov 7 | Nov 11 | Nov 14 | Nov 18 | Nov 21 | Nov 25 | Nov 29 | Dec 3 | Dec 9 |
| 16°F | Nov 14 | Nov 20 | Nov 24 | Nov 27 | Dec 1 | Dec 4 | Dec 8 | Dec 12 | Dec 19 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 192 | 186 | 181 | 176 | 173 | 169 | 165 | 161 | 155 |
| 32°F | 212 | 206 | 202 | 198 | 194 | 191 | 187 | 181 | 174 |
| 28°F | 234 | 227 | 222 | 218 | 215 | 211 | 206 | 202 | 196 |
| 24°F | 256 | 248 | 243 | 238 | 234 | 229 | 226 | 221 | 213 |
| 20°F | 276 | 268 | 262 | 257 | 253 | 248 | 243 | 239 | 231 |
| 16°F | 292 | 284 | 279 | 274 | 269 | 265 | 261 | 256 | 246 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 5,731
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 1,119
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 5,887
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 4,683
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 3,602
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 2,647
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 1,816
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,244 | 0 | 0 |
| February | 1,002 | 0 | 2 |
| March | 753 | 1 | 37 |
| April | 387 | 7 | 148 |
| May | 134 | 73 | 409 |
| June | 12 | 235 | 673 |
| July | 1 | 352 | 815 |
| August | 2 | 303 | 766 |
| September | 67 | 131 | 516 |
| October | 336 | 17 | 202 |
| November | 713 | 0 | 32 |
| December | 1,080 | 0 | 2 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 9.1 km from Nauvoo. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00133007 (Ft Madison). Public domain.