Chapin Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Decatur AP. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around April 16 and the first fall freeze around October 22, a growing season of about 187 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last April 26, first October 11
- Median at 32°F
- last April 16, first October 22
- Median at 28°F
- last April 5, first November 2
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 12 | May 6 | May 2 | Apr 29 | Apr 26 | Apr 24 | Apr 22 | Apr 18 | Apr 13 |
| 32°F | Apr 30 | Apr 25 | Apr 22 | Apr 20 | Apr 16 | Apr 14 | Apr 10 | Apr 7 | Apr 3 |
| 28°F | Apr 21 | Apr 15 | Apr 12 | Apr 8 | Apr 5 | Apr 3 | Mar 31 | Mar 28 | Mar 20 |
| 24°F | Apr 10 | Apr 4 | Apr 1 | Mar 30 | Mar 27 | Mar 23 | Mar 19 | Mar 15 | Mar 8 |
| 20°F | Mar 31 | Mar 26 | Mar 21 | Mar 18 | Mar 15 | Mar 11 | Mar 6 | Mar 2 | Feb 25 |
| 16°F | Mar 22 | Mar 16 | Mar 12 | Mar 8 | Mar 5 | Mar 1 | Feb 26 | Feb 20 | Feb 13 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 26 | Oct 1 | Oct 5 | Oct 8 | Oct 11 | Oct 13 | Oct 16 | Oct 19 | Oct 23 |
| 32°F | Oct 7 | Oct 12 | Oct 16 | Oct 20 | Oct 22 | Oct 25 | Oct 27 | Oct 30 | Nov 3 |
| 28°F | Oct 21 | Oct 25 | Oct 29 | Oct 31 | Nov 2 | Nov 4 | Nov 7 | Nov 12 | Nov 17 |
| 24°F | Nov 1 | Nov 4 | Nov 7 | Nov 10 | Nov 14 | Nov 18 | Nov 21 | Nov 26 | Dec 1 |
| 20°F | Nov 8 | Nov 14 | Nov 18 | Nov 22 | Nov 27 | Nov 30 | Dec 3 | Dec 8 | Dec 14 |
| 16°F | Nov 16 | Nov 23 | Nov 28 | Dec 1 | Dec 5 | Dec 10 | Dec 14 | Dec 19 | Dec 24 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 184 | 176 | 172 | 169 | 164 | 161 | 157 | 152 | 145 |
| 32°F | 206 | 200 | 195 | 191 | 187 | 183 | 178 | 174 | 167 |
| 28°F | 231 | 223 | 217 | 213 | 210 | 206 | 201 | 196 | 188 |
| 24°F | 256 | 248 | 242 | 237 | 232 | 228 | 224 | 218 | 212 |
| 20°F | 278 | 269 | 264 | 259 | 253 | 249 | 245 | 239 | 231 |
| 16°F | 300 | 292 | 285 | 279 | 274 | 269 | 264 | 259 | 252 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 5,393
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 1,105
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 5,998
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 4,755
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 3,646
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 2,669
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 1,819
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,165 | 0 | 2 |
| February | 935 | 0 | 6 |
| March | 711 | 3 | 51 |
| April | 370 | 13 | 170 |
| May | 129 | 94 | 435 |
| June | 11 | 242 | 681 |
| July | 1 | 333 | 797 |
| August | 4 | 273 | 735 |
| September | 66 | 124 | 510 |
| October | 325 | 22 | 210 |
| November | 668 | 1 | 44 |
| December | 1,009 | 0 | 6 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 9.4 km from Chapin. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USW00003887 (Decatur AP). Public domain.