Bradley Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Kankakee Metro Wastewater. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around April 19 and the first fall freeze around October 24, a growing season of about 188 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last April 30, first October 14
- Median at 32°F
- last April 19, first October 24
- Median at 28°F
- last April 6, first November 4
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 14 | May 9 | May 5 | May 2 | Apr 30 | Apr 27 | Apr 24 | Apr 20 | Apr 16 |
| 32°F | May 3 | Apr 28 | Apr 25 | Apr 22 | Apr 19 | Apr 16 | Apr 13 | Apr 10 | Apr 5 |
| 28°F | Apr 22 | Apr 17 | Apr 13 | Apr 8 | Apr 6 | Apr 3 | Apr 1 | Mar 28 | Mar 21 |
| 24°F | Apr 10 | Apr 5 | Apr 2 | Mar 31 | Mar 27 | Mar 23 | Mar 20 | Mar 16 | Mar 11 |
| 20°F | Apr 2 | Mar 29 | Mar 24 | Mar 20 | Mar 17 | Mar 13 | Mar 10 | Mar 6 | Feb 28 |
| 16°F | Mar 23 | Mar 18 | Mar 13 | Mar 10 | Mar 7 | Mar 4 | Mar 1 | Feb 26 | Feb 19 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Oct 1 | Oct 5 | Oct 9 | Oct 12 | Oct 14 | Oct 17 | Oct 20 | Oct 23 | Oct 27 |
| 32°F | Oct 12 | Oct 17 | Oct 20 | Oct 22 | Oct 24 | Oct 27 | Oct 29 | Nov 1 | Nov 5 |
| 28°F | Oct 23 | Oct 27 | Oct 31 | Nov 1 | Nov 4 | Nov 6 | Nov 11 | Nov 14 | Nov 19 |
| 24°F | Nov 1 | Nov 5 | Nov 8 | Nov 11 | Nov 15 | Nov 18 | Nov 21 | Nov 25 | Nov 30 |
| 20°F | Nov 8 | Nov 13 | Nov 17 | Nov 21 | Nov 24 | Nov 28 | Dec 1 | Dec 5 | Dec 11 |
| 16°F | Nov 16 | Nov 22 | Nov 26 | Nov 30 | Dec 2 | Dec 6 | Dec 10 | Dec 16 | Dec 22 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 184 | 178 | 173 | 170 | 166 | 162 | 158 | 153 | 147 |
| 32°F | 207 | 199 | 195 | 191 | 188 | 183 | 179 | 174 | 167 |
| 28°F | 230 | 223 | 218 | 214 | 211 | 207 | 201 | 196 | 190 |
| 24°F | 255 | 247 | 242 | 237 | 233 | 228 | 224 | 219 | 212 |
| 20°F | 278 | 269 | 263 | 258 | 253 | 249 | 243 | 237 | 229 |
| 16°F | 296 | 288 | 282 | 277 | 272 | 267 | 262 | 256 | 246 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 5,983
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 997
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 5,591
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 4,417
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 3,373
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 2,454
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 1,660
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,258 | 0 | 1 |
| February | 1,029 | 0 | 2 |
| March | 808 | 2 | 31 |
| April | 448 | 7 | 118 |
| May | 172 | 72 | 374 |
| June | 23 | 216 | 643 |
| July | 2 | 306 | 769 |
| August | 5 | 256 | 716 |
| September | 76 | 121 | 497 |
| October | 355 | 18 | 190 |
| November | 721 | 1 | 31 |
| December | 1,086 | 0 | 2 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 2.2 km from Bradley. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00114603 (Kankakee Metro Wastewater). Public domain.