Jefferson County Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Hamer 4 Nw. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around June 3 and the first fall freeze around September 11, a growing season of about 98 days.
- Median at 32°F
- last June 3, first September 11
- Median at 28°F
- last May 14, first September 21
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 32°F | Jun 21 | Jun 17 | Jun 12 | Jun 7 | Jun 3 | May 31 | May 26 | May 21 | May 15 |
| 28°F | Jun 2 | May 26 | May 21 | May 17 | May 14 | May 11 | May 9 | May 6 | May 2 |
| 24°F | May 14 | May 10 | May 7 | May 4 | May 1 | Apr 30 | Apr 27 | Apr 23 | Apr 17 |
| 20°F | May 4 | Apr 30 | Apr 26 | Apr 21 | Apr 18 | Apr 15 | Apr 12 | Apr 8 | Apr 4 |
| 16°F | Apr 21 | Apr 16 | Apr 12 | Apr 8 | Apr 5 | Apr 2 | Mar 30 | Mar 25 | Mar 17 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 32°F | Aug 30 | Sep 2 | Sep 6 | Sep 9 | Sep 11 | Sep 14 | Sep 17 | Sep 20 | Sep 24 |
| 28°F | Sep 5 | Sep 11 | Sep 15 | Sep 18 | Sep 21 | Sep 24 | Sep 27 | Oct 1 | Oct 6 |
| 24°F | Sep 16 | Sep 22 | Sep 27 | Sep 30 | Oct 3 | Oct 5 | Oct 9 | Oct 13 | Oct 17 |
| 20°F | Sep 28 | Oct 4 | Oct 8 | Oct 11 | Oct 15 | Oct 18 | Oct 20 | Oct 23 | Oct 28 |
| 16°F | Oct 11 | Oct 16 | Oct 19 | Oct 23 | Oct 26 | Oct 28 | Oct 31 | Nov 3 | Nov 8 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 92 | 84 | 79 | 75 | 70 | 65 | 62 | 56 | 48 |
| 32°F | 122 | 114 | 108 | 103 | 98 | 94 | 89 | 83 | 76 |
| 28°F | 149 | 141 | 136 | 132 | 127 | 123 | 118 | 113 | 104 |
| 24°F | 175 | 168 | 163 | 159 | 154 | 149 | 145 | 139 | 131 |
| 20°F | 199 | 192 | 187 | 183 | 179 | 175 | 171 | 165 | 156 |
| 16°F | 224 | 216 | 210 | 206 | 202 | 198 | 193 | 187 | 179 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 7,992
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 308
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 3,791
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 2,805
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 1,964
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 1,261
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 707
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,455 | 0 | 0 |
| February | 1,165 | 0 | 0 |
| March | 921 | 0 | 2 |
| April | 611 | 0 | 28 |
| May | 357 | 3 | 156 |
| June | 144 | 36 | 347 |
| July | 26 | 148 | 587 |
| August | 36 | 106 | 535 |
| September | 218 | 14 | 264 |
| October | 620 | 0 | 44 |
| November | 1,034 | 0 | 1 |
| December | 1,406 | 0 | 0 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 16.7 km from Jefferson County. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00103964 (Hamer 4 Nw). Public domain.