Helen Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Helen. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around April 11 and the first fall freeze around October 28, a growing season of about 197 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last April 26, first October 18
- Median at 32°F
- last April 11, first October 28
- Median at 28°F
- last March 30, first November 7
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 13 | May 7 | May 3 | Apr 30 | Apr 26 | Apr 23 | Apr 20 | Apr 15 | Apr 9 |
| 32°F | May 3 | Apr 25 | Apr 20 | Apr 15 | Apr 11 | Apr 8 | Apr 4 | Mar 31 | Mar 25 |
| 28°F | Apr 19 | Apr 9 | Apr 4 | Apr 1 | Mar 30 | Mar 25 | Mar 21 | Mar 16 | Mar 7 |
| 24°F | Mar 31 | Mar 25 | Mar 20 | Mar 15 | Mar 11 | Mar 6 | Feb 28 | Feb 25 | Feb 15 |
| 20°F | Mar 18 | Mar 11 | Mar 4 | Feb 28 | Feb 24 | Feb 18 | Feb 10 | Feb 3 | Jan 23 |
| 16°F | Mar 5 | Feb 27 | Feb 17 | Feb 9 | Feb 4 | Jan 31 | Jan 25 | Jan 16 | Jan 5 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Oct 3 | Oct 8 | Oct 12 | Oct 15 | Oct 18 | Oct 21 | Oct 24 | Oct 27 | Nov 1 |
| 32°F | Oct 13 | Oct 18 | Oct 22 | Oct 25 | Oct 28 | Oct 31 | Nov 2 | Nov 5 | Nov 10 |
| 28°F | Oct 22 | Oct 28 | Nov 1 | Nov 4 | Nov 7 | Nov 10 | Nov 14 | Nov 20 | Nov 27 |
| 24°F | Nov 2 | Nov 8 | Nov 13 | Nov 17 | Nov 21 | Nov 26 | Dec 1 | Dec 5 | Dec 12 |
| 20°F | Nov 16 | Nov 24 | Nov 30 | Dec 4 | Dec 8 | Dec 14 | Dec 23 | Dec 30 | Jan 8 |
| 16°F | Dec 3 | Dec 10 | Dec 21 | Dec 27 | Jan 1 | Jan 5 | Jan 11 | Jan 17 | Jan 30 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 197 | 190 | 184 | 179 | 174 | 170 | 165 | 160 | 153 |
| 32°F | 218 | 212 | 206 | 202 | 197 | 192 | 186 | 181 | 172 |
| 28°F | 251 | 240 | 234 | 228 | 223 | 218 | 213 | 207 | 198 |
| 24°F | 284 | 275 | 267 | 260 | 255 | 249 | 242 | 236 | 225 |
| 20°F | 325 | 314 | 305 | 297 | 290 | 282 | 275 | 268 | 255 |
| 16°F | 363 | 349 | 339 | 332 | 326 | 318 | 308 | 301 | 288 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 92% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 3,815
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 1,069
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 6,694
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 5,215
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 3,915
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 2,796
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 1,849
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 808 | 0 | 13 |
| February | 645 | 0 | 18 |
| March | 509 | 1 | 84 |
| April | 254 | 11 | 231 |
| May | 84 | 72 | 454 |
| June | 7 | 213 | 655 |
| July | 0 | 321 | 786 |
| August | 1 | 295 | 759 |
| September | 31 | 139 | 558 |
| October | 231 | 17 | 270 |
| November | 517 | 1 | 68 |
| December | 729 | 0 | 20 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 0.6 km from Helen. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00094230 (Helen). Public domain.