Alert archive / New York / Wind Chill Advisories in 2022

Wind Chill Advisory 3, NWS Buffalo, NY

January 15, 202216 counties in New York

NWS Buffalo, NY issued this wind chill advisory at Jan 15, 2022, 2:40 PM EST for 16 counties in New York. It took effect at Jan 15, 2022, 6:00 PM EST. It was in force for 15 hr.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Jan 15, 2022, 2:40 PM EST (19:40 UTC)
In effect from
Jan 15, 2022, 6:00 PM EST
Expired
Jan 16, 2022, 8:59 AM EST
In force
15 hr
Issued by
NWS Buffalo, NY

Counties Allegany County, NY, Cattaraugus County, NY, Cayuga County, NY, Chautauqua County, NY, Erie County, NY, Genesee County, NY, Jefferson County, NY, Lewis County, NY, Livingston County, NY, Monroe County, NY, Niagara County, NY, Ontario County, NY, Orleans County, NY, Oswego County, NY, Wayne County, NY, Wyoming County, NY

The radar

The Buffalo radar (KBUF), 90 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 19:40 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Buffalo Intl Airport, NY (KBUF), launched 12:00Z, 7.7 hours before the alert went out and 87 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Buffalo Intl Airport, NY at 12:00Z on 2022-01-15Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Buffalo Intl Airport, NY at 12:00Z on 2022-01-15The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -120 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
642 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
69 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-120 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
-43 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

948 
WWUS41 KBUF 151940
WSWBUF

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Buffalo NY
240 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

NYZ012-019-020-085-160345-
/O.NEW.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.220115T2300Z-220116T1200Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0000Z-220118T0300Z/
Wyoming-Chautauqua-Cattaraugus-Southern Erie-
Including the cities of Warsaw, Jamestown, Olean, Orchard Park, 
and Springville
240 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 6 PM THIS EVENING TO 7 AM
EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 7 PM SUNDAY TO
10 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. Total
  snow accumulations of 12 to 20 inches. Winds gusting as high as
  40 mph on Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind 
  chills expected. Wind chills as low as 15 below zero.

* WHERE...Wyoming, Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, and Southern Erie 
  counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 7 PM Sunday to 10 PM 
  EST Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, from 6 PM this 
  evening to 7 AM EST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult to impossible. The 
  hazardous conditions could impact the morning or evening 
  commute. The cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ001-002-010-011-160345-
/O.NEW.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.220115T2300Z-220116T1200Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0200Z-220118T0000Z/
Niagara-Orleans-Northern Erie-Genesee-
Including the cities of Niagara Falls, Medina, Buffalo, 
and Batavia
240 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 6 PM THIS EVENING TO 7 AM
EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM SUNDAY TO
7 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. Total
  snow accumulations of 12 to 19 inches. Winds gusting as high as
  40 mph on Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind 
  chills expected. Wind chills as low as 15 below zero.

* WHERE...Niagara, Orleans, Northern Erie, and Genesee counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 9 PM Sunday to 7 PM 
  EST Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, from 6 PM this 
  evening to 7 AM EST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult to impossible. The 
  hazardous conditions could impact the morning or evening 
  commute. The cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ013-014-021-160345-
/O.NEW.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.220115T2300Z-220116T1200Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0000Z-220118T0000Z/
Livingston-Ontario-Allegany-
Including the cities of Geneseo, Canandaigua, and Wellsville
240 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 6 PM THIS EVENING TO 7 AM
EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 7 PM SUNDAY TO
7 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. Total
  snow accumulations of 7 to 13 inches. Winds gusting as high as
  35 mph on Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind 
  chills expected. Wind chills as low as 20 below zero.

* WHERE...Livingston, Ontario, and Allegany counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 7 PM Sunday to 7 PM 
  EST Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, from 6 PM this 
  evening to 7 AM EST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult to impossible. The 
  hazardous conditions could impact the morning or evening 
  commute. The cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ003-004-160345-
/O.NEW.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.220115T2300Z-220116T1200Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0200Z-220118T0000Z/
Monroe-Wayne-
Including the cities of Rochester and Newark
240 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 6 PM THIS EVENING TO 7 AM
EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM SUNDAY TO
7 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. Total
  snow accumulations of 9 to 17 inches. Winds gusting as high as 
  40 mph on Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind 
  chills expected. Wind chills as low as 15 below zero.

* WHERE...Monroe and Wayne counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 9 PM Sunday to 7 PM 
  EST Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, from 6 PM this 
  evening to 7 AM EST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult to impossible. The 
  hazardous conditions could impact the morning or evening 
  commute.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ007-008-160345-
/O.NEW.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.220115T2300Z-220116T1400Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.A.0004.220116T2300Z-220117T2300Z/
Jefferson-Lewis-
Including the cities of Watertown and Lowville
240 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 6 PM THIS EVENING TO 9 AM
EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM SUNDAY EVENING
THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind chills
  expected. Wind chills as low as 25 below zero. For the Winter
  Storm Watch, heavy snow possible. Total snow accumulations of 9
  inches or more possible.

* WHERE...Jefferson and Lewis counties.

* WHEN...For the Wind Chill Advisory, from 6 PM this evening to 
  9 AM EST Sunday. For the Winter Storm Watch, from Sunday 
  evening through Monday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult. The hazardous 
  conditions could impact the morning or evening commute. The 
  cold wind chills could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as 
  little as 30 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

Begin needed preparations at home or with your vehicle. Travel
may become difficult, so plan accordingly.

&&

$$

NYZ006-160345-
/O.NEW.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.220115T2300Z-220116T1400Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.A.0004.220116T2300Z-220117T2300Z/
Oswego-
Including the city of Oswego
240 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 6 PM THIS EVENING TO 9 AM
EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM SUNDAY EVENING
THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind chills
  expected. Wind chills as low as 20 below zero. For the Winter
  Storm Watch, heavy snow possible. Total snow accumulations of 9
  inches or more possible.

* WHERE...Oswego county.

* WHEN...For the Wind Chill Advisory, from 6 PM this evening to 
  9 AM EST Sunday. For the Winter Storm Watch, from Sunday 
  evening through Monday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult. The hazardous 
  conditions could impact the morning or evening commute. The 
  cold wind chills could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as 
  little as 30 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

Begin needed preparations at home or with your vehicle. Travel
may become difficult, so plan accordingly.

&&

$$

NYZ005-160345-
/O.NEW.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.220115T2300Z-220116T1200Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.A.0004.220116T2300Z-220117T2300Z/
Northern Cayuga-
Including the city of Fair Haven
240 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 6 PM THIS EVENING TO 7 AM
EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM SUNDAY EVENING
THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind chills
  expected. Wind chills as low as 15 below zero. For the Winter
  Storm Watch, heavy snow possible. Total snow accumulations of 6
  to 12 inches possible. Winds could gust as high as 35 mph on 
  Monday.

* WHERE...Northern Cayuga county.

* WHEN...For the Wind Chill Advisory, from 6 PM this evening to 
  7 AM EST Sunday. For the Winter Storm Watch, from Sunday 
  evening through Monday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult. The hazardous 
  conditions could impact the morning or evening commute. The 
  cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if precautions 
  are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

Begin needed preparations at home or with your vehicle. Travel
may become difficult, so plan accordingly.

&&

$$

TMA
4 follow-up statements
910 
WWUS41 KBUF 160210
WSWBUF

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Buffalo NY
910 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

NYZ012-019-020-085-161030-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0000Z-220118T0300Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
Wyoming-Chautauqua-Cattaraugus-Southern Erie-
Including the cities of Warsaw, Jamestown, Olean, Orchard Park, 
and Springville
910 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 7 PM SUNDAY TO
10 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. Total
  snow accumulations of 12 to 20 inches. Winds gusting as high as
  35 mph on Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind 
  chills expected. Wind chills as low as 15 below zero.

* WHERE...Wyoming, Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, and Southern Erie 
  counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 7 PM Sunday to 10 PM
  EST Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, now through 7 AM EST 
  Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult to impossible. The 
  hazardous conditions could impact the morning or evening 
  commute. The cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ001-002-010-011-161030-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0200Z-220118T0000Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
Niagara-Orleans-Northern Erie-Genesee-
Including the cities of Niagara Falls, Medina, Buffalo, 
and Batavia
910 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM SUNDAY TO
7 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. Total
  snow accumulations of 12 to 19 inches. Winds gusting as high as
  35 mph on Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind 
  chills expected. Wind chills as low as 15 below zero.

* WHERE...Niagara, Orleans, Northern Erie, and Genesee counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 9 PM Sunday to 7 PM
  EST Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, now through 7 AM EST 
  Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult to impossible. The 
  hazardous conditions could impact the morning or evening 
  commute. The cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ013-014-021-161030-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0000Z-220118T0000Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
Livingston-Ontario-Allegany-
Including the cities of Geneseo, Canandaigua, and Wellsville
910 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 7 PM SUNDAY TO
7 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. Total
  snow accumulations of 7 to 13 inches. Winds gusting as high as
  35 mph on Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind 
  chills expected. Wind chills as low as 20 below zero.

* WHERE...Livingston, Ontario, and Allegany counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 7 PM Sunday to 7 PM
  EST Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, now through 7 AM EST 
  Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult to impossible. The 
  hazardous conditions could impact the morning or evening 
  commute. The cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ003-004-161030-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0200Z-220118T0000Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
Monroe-Wayne-
Including the cities of Rochester and Newark
910 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM SUNDAY TO
7 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. Total
  snow accumulations of 9 to 17 inches. Winds gusting as high as
  35 mph on Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind 
  chills expected. Wind chills as low as 15 below zero.

* WHERE...Monroe and Wayne counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 9 PM Sunday to 7 PM
  EST Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, now through 7 AM EST 
  Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult to impossible. The 
  hazardous conditions could impact the morning or evening 
  commute. The cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ007-008-161030-
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1400Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.A.0004.220116T2300Z-220117T2300Z/
Jefferson-Lewis-
Including the cities of Watertown and Lowville
910 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM SUNDAY EVENING
THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind chills 
  expected. Wind chills as low as 25 below zero. For the Winter 
  Storm Watch, heavy snow possible. Total snow accumulations of 
  9 inches or more possible.

* WHERE...Jefferson and Lewis counties.

* WHEN...For the Wind Chill Advisory, now through 9 AM EST 
  Sunday. For the Winter Storm Watch, from Sunday evening through 
  Monday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult. The hazardous 
  conditions could impact the morning or evening commute. The 
  cold wind chills could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as 
  little as 30 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

Begin needed preparations at home or with your vehicle. Travel
may become difficult, so plan accordingly.

&&

$$

NYZ006-161030-
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1400Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.A.0004.220116T2300Z-220117T2300Z/
Oswego-
Including the city of Oswego
910 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM SUNDAY EVENING
THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind chills 
  expected. Wind chills as low as 20 below zero. For the Winter 
  Storm Watch, heavy snow possible. Total snow accumulations of 
  9 inches or more possible.

* WHERE...Oswego county.

* WHEN...For the Wind Chill Advisory, now through 9 AM EST 
  Sunday. For the Winter Storm Watch, from Sunday evening through 
  Monday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult. The hazardous 
  conditions could impact the morning or evening commute. The 
  cold wind chills could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as 
  little as 30 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

Begin needed preparations at home or with your vehicle. Travel
may become difficult, so plan accordingly.

&&

$$

NYZ005-161030-
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.A.0004.220116T2300Z-220117T2300Z/
Northern Cayuga-
Including the city of Fair Haven
910 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM SUNDAY EVENING
THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind chills
  expected. Wind chills as low as 15 below zero. For the Winter
  Storm Watch, heavy snow possible. Total snow accumulations
  greater than 9 inches possible. Winds could gust as high as 35 
  mph on Monday.

* WHERE...Northern Cayuga county.

* WHEN...For the Wind Chill Advisory, now through 7 AM EST 
  Sunday. For the Winter Storm Watch, from Sunday evening through 
  Monday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult. The hazardous 
  conditions could impact the morning or evening commute. The 
  cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if precautions 
  are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

Begin needed preparations at home or with your vehicle. Travel
may become difficult, so plan accordingly.

&&

$$

Apffel
409 
WWUS41 KBUF 160836
WSWBUF

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Buffalo NY
336 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

NYZ007-008-161645-
/O.UPG.KBUF.WS.A.0004.220116T2300Z-220117T2300Z/
/O.EXB.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0300Z-220118T0600Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1400Z/
Jefferson-Lewis-
Including the cities of Watertown and Lowville
336 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST THIS
MORNING...
...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM THIS EVENING TO 1 AM
EST TUESDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. Snow
  may mix with sleet late tonight through early Monday. Total snow
  accumulations of 7 to 14 inches. Winds gusting as high as 40 mph
  will result in significant blowing and drifting snow late 
  Monday and Monday night. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold 
  wind chills. Wind chills as low as 25 below zero.

* WHERE...Jefferson and Lewis counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 10 PM this evening 
  to 1 AM EST Tuesday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, until 9 AM 
  EST this morning.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult with deep snow cover on
  roads and poor visibility. The hazardous conditions will impact
  the morning and evening commute on Monday. The cold wind chills
  could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as little as 30 minutes
  early this morning.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ006-161645-
/O.UPG.KBUF.WS.A.0004.220116T2300Z-220117T2300Z/
/O.EXB.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0300Z-220118T0600Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1400Z/
Oswego-
Including the city of Oswego
336 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST THIS
MORNING...
...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM THIS EVENING TO 1 AM
EST TUESDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. The
  snow may mix with sleet late tonight and early Monday. Total
  snow accumulations of 6 to 12 inches. Winds gusting as high as
  45 mph will produce significant blowing and drifting snow late
  Monday and Monday night. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold
  wind chills. Wind chills as low as 25 below zero.

* WHERE...Oswego county.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 10 PM this evening 
  to 1 AM EST Tuesday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, until 9 AM 
  EST this morning.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult with deep snow cover on
  roads and poor visibility. The hazardous conditions will impact
  the morning and evening commute Monday. The cold wind chills
  could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as little as 30 minutes
  early this morning.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ005-161645-
/O.UPG.KBUF.WS.A.0004.220116T2300Z-220117T2300Z/
/O.EXB.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0300Z-220118T0600Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
Northern Cayuga-
Including the city of Fair Haven
336 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 AM EST THIS
MORNING...
...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM THIS EVENING TO 1 AM
EST TUESDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. The
  snow may mix with sleet late tonight and early Monday. Total
  snow accumulations of 6 to 10 inches. Winds gusting as high as
  45 mph will produce significant blowing and drifting snow late
  Monday and Monday night. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold
  wind chills. Wind chills as low as 15 below zero early this
  morning.

* WHERE...Northern Cayuga county.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 10 PM this evening 
  to 1 AM EST Tuesday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, until 7 AM 
  EST this morning.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult with deep snow cover on
  roads and poor visibility. The hazardous conditions will impact
  the morning and evening commute Monday.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ012-019-020-085-161645-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0000Z-220118T0300Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
Wyoming-Chautauqua-Cattaraugus-Southern Erie-
Including the cities of Warsaw, Jamestown, Olean, Orchard Park, 
and Springville
336 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 AM EST THIS
MORNING...
...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 7 PM THIS EVENING
TO 10 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. The
  snow may briefly mix with sleet tonight. Total snow
  accumulations of 12 to 18 inches, with amounts near 20 inches
  for the Chautauqua Ridge and Boston Hills. Winds gusting as high
  as 45 mph will produce significant blowing and drifting snow
  Monday afternoon and Monday night. For the Wind Chill Advisory,
  very cold wind chills. Wind chills as low as 15 below zero early
  this morning.

* WHERE...Wyoming, Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, and Southern Erie 
  counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 7 PM this evening to 
  10 PM EST Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, until 7 AM EST 
  this morning.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult or even nearly
  impossible with deep snow cover on roads and very poor
  visibility. The hazardous conditions will impact the morning 
  and evening commute Monday.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ001-002-010-011-161645-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0200Z-220118T0000Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
Niagara-Orleans-Northern Erie-Genesee-
Including the cities of Niagara Falls, Medina, Buffalo, 
and Batavia
336 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 AM EST THIS
MORNING...
...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING
TO 7 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. Total
  snow accumulations of 12 to 18 inches with isolated amounts of
  up to 20 inches. Winds gusting as high as 45 mph will produce
  significant blowing and drifting snow Monday afternoon and
  evening. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold wind chills.
  Wind chills as low as 15 below zero early this morning.

* WHERE...Niagara, Orleans, Northern Erie, and Genesee counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 9 PM this evening to 
  7 PM EST Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, until 7 AM EST 
  this morning.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult or even nearly
  impossible with deep snow cover on roads and very poor
  visibility. The hazardous conditions will impact the morning 
  and evening commute Monday.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ013-014-021-161645-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0000Z-220118T0000Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
Livingston-Ontario-Allegany-
Including the cities of Geneseo, Canandaigua, and Wellsville
336 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 AM EST THIS
MORNING...
...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 7 PM THIS EVENING
TO 7 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. Total
  snow accumulations of 6 to 12 inches. Winds gusting as high as
  40 mph will produce significant blowing and drifting snow late
  Monday afternoon and evening. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very
  cold wind chills. Wind chills as low as 15 below zero early this
  morning.

* WHERE...Livingston, Ontario, and Allegany counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 7 PM this evening to 
  7 PM EST Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, until 7 AM EST 
  this morning.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult with deep snow cover on
  roads and poor visibility. The hazardous conditions will impact
  the morning and evening commute Monday.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ003-004-161645-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0200Z-220118T0000Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
Monroe-Wayne-
Including the cities of Rochester and Newark
336 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 AM EST THIS
MORNING...
...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING
TO 7 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. Total
  snow accumulations of 8 to 14 inches. Winds gusting as high as
  45 mph will produce significant blowing and drifting snow Monday
  afternoon and evening. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very cold
  wind chills. Wind chills as low as 15 below zero early this
  morning.

* WHERE...Monroe and Wayne counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 9 PM this evening to 
  7 PM EST Monday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, until 7 AM EST 
  this morning.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult with deep snow cover on
  roads and poor visibility. The hazardous conditions will impact
  the morning and evening commute Monday.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

Hitchcock
596 
WWUS41 KBUF 161156
WSWBUF

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Buffalo NY
656 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

NYZ012-019-020-085-162000-
/O.CAN.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0000Z-220118T0300Z/
Wyoming-Chautauqua-Cattaraugus-Southern Erie-
Including the cities of Warsaw, Jamestown, Olean, Orchard Park, 
and Springville
656 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 7 PM THIS EVENING
TO 10 PM EST MONDAY...
...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IS CANCELLED...

* WHAT...Heavy snow expected. The snow may briefly mix with sleet
  tonight. Total snow accumulations of 12 to 18 inches, with
  amounts near 20 inches for the Chautauqua Ridge and Boston
  Hills. Winds gusting as high as 45 mph will produce significant
  blowing and drifting snow Monday afternoon and Monday night.

* WHERE...Wyoming, Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, and Southern Erie 
  counties.

* WHEN...From 7 PM this evening to 10 PM EST Monday.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult or even nearly 
  impossible with deep snow cover on roads and very poor 
  visibility. The hazardous conditions will impact the morning 
  and evening commute Monday.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

&&

$$

NYZ001-002-010-011-162000-
/O.CAN.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0200Z-220118T0000Z/
Niagara-Orleans-Northern Erie-Genesee-
Including the cities of Niagara Falls, Medina, Buffalo, 
and Batavia
656 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING
TO 7 PM EST MONDAY...
...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IS CANCELLED...

* WHAT...Heavy snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 12 to 18
  inches with isolated amounts of up to 20 inches. Winds gusting
  as high as 45 mph will produce significant blowing and drifting
  snow Monday afternoon and evening.

* WHERE...Niagara, Orleans, Northern Erie, and Genesee counties.

* WHEN...From 9 PM this evening to 7 PM EST Monday.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult or even nearly 
  impossible with deep snow cover on roads and very poor 
  visibility. The hazardous conditions will impact the morning 
  and evening commute Monday.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

&&

$$

NYZ013-014-021-162000-
/O.CAN.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0000Z-220118T0000Z/
Livingston-Ontario-Allegany-
Including the cities of Geneseo, Canandaigua, and Wellsville
656 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 7 PM THIS EVENING
TO 7 PM EST MONDAY...
...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IS CANCELLED...

* WHAT...Heavy snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 6 to 12
  inches. Winds gusting as high as 40 mph will produce significant
  blowing and drifting snow late Monday afternoon and evening.

* WHERE...Livingston, Ontario, and Allegany counties.

* WHEN...From 7 PM this evening to 7 PM EST Monday.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult with deep snow cover 
  on roads and poor visibility. The hazardous conditions will 
  impact the morning and evening commute Monday.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

&&

$$

NYZ003-004-162000-
/O.CAN.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0200Z-220118T0000Z/
Monroe-Wayne-
Including the cities of Rochester and Newark
656 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING
TO 7 PM EST MONDAY...
...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IS CANCELLED...

* WHAT...Heavy snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 8 to 14
  inches. Winds gusting as high as 45 mph will produce significant
  blowing and drifting snow Monday afternoon and evening.

* WHERE...Monroe and Wayne counties.

* WHEN...From 9 PM this evening to 7 PM EST Monday.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult with deep snow cover 
  on roads and poor visibility. The hazardous conditions will 
  impact the morning and evening commute Monday.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

&&

$$

NYZ005-162000-
/O.CAN.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1200Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0300Z-220118T0600Z/
Northern Cayuga-
Including the city of Fair Haven
656 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM THIS EVENING
TO 1 AM EST TUESDAY...
...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IS CANCELLED...

* WHAT...Heavy snow expected. The snow may mix with sleet late
  tonight and early Monday. Total snow accumulations of 6 to 10
  inches. Winds gusting as high as 45 mph will produce significant
  blowing and drifting snow late Monday and Monday night.

* WHERE...Northern Cayuga county.

* WHEN...From 10 PM this evening to 1 AM EST Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult with deep snow cover 
  on roads and poor visibility. The hazardous conditions will 
  impact the morning and evening commute Monday.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

&&

$$

NYZ007-008-162000-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0300Z-220118T0600Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1400Z/
Jefferson-Lewis-
Including the cities of Watertown and Lowville
656 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST THIS
MORNING...
...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM THIS EVENING
TO 1 AM EST TUESDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. Snow 
  may mix with sleet late tonight through early Monday. Total 
  snow accumulations of 7 to 14 inches. Winds gusting as high as 
  40 mph will result in significant blowing and drifting snow 
  late Monday and Monday night. For the Wind Chill Advisory, 
  very cold wind chills. Wind chills as low as 25 below zero.

* WHERE...Jefferson and Lewis counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 10 PM this evening 
  to 1 AM EST Tuesday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, until 9 AM 
  EST this morning.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult with deep snow cover 
  on roads and poor visibility. The hazardous conditions will 
  impact the morning and evening commute on Monday. The cold 
  wind chills could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as little 
  as 30 minutes early this morning.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

NYZ006-162000-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0300Z-220118T0600Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1400Z/
Oswego-
Including the city of Oswego
656 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST THIS
MORNING...
...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM THIS EVENING
TO 1 AM EST TUESDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Storm Warning, heavy snow expected. The 
  snow may mix with sleet late tonight and early Monday. Total 
  snow accumulations of 6 to 12 inches. Winds gusting as high as 
  45 mph will produce significant blowing and drifting snow late 
  Monday and Monday night. For the Wind Chill Advisory, very 
  cold wind chills. Wind chills as low as 20 below zero.

* WHERE...Oswego county.

* WHEN...For the Winter Storm Warning, from 10 PM this evening 
  to 1 AM EST Tuesday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, until 9 AM 
  EST this morning.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult with deep snow cover 
  on roads and poor visibility. The hazardous conditions will 
  impact the morning and evening commute Monday. The cold wind 
  chills could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as little as 
  30 minutes early this morning.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

This is a potentially dangerous situation to be outdoors. If you
must be outside, be sure to cover all exposed skin. Frostbite can
occur in 30 minutes or less with apparent temperatures of
15 below zero or colder.

&&

$$

Hitchcock
450 
WWUS41 KBUF 161359
WSWBUF

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Buffalo NY
859 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

NYZ006>008-162200-
/O.CAN.KBUF.WC.Y.0003.000000T0000Z-220116T1400Z/
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0300Z-220118T0600Z/
Oswego-Jefferson-Lewis-
Including the cities of Oswego, Watertown, and Lowville
859 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM THIS EVENING
TO 1 AM EST TUESDAY...
...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IS CANCELLED...

* WHAT...Heavy snow expected. Snow may mix with sleet late tonight
  and early Monday. Total snow accumulations of 8 to 12 inches.
  Winds gusting as high as 40 mph Monday afternoon and Monday
  night will result in areas of blowing snow.

* WHERE...The Eastern Lake Ontario Region.

* WHEN...From 10 PM this evening to 1 AM EST Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult to impossible. Areas 
  of blowing snow could significantly reduce visibility. The 
  hazardous conditions could impact the morning or evening 
  commute.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

&&

$$

NYZ012-019-020-085-162200-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0000Z-220118T0300Z/
Wyoming-Chautauqua-Cattaraugus-Southern Erie-
Including the cities of Warsaw, Jamestown, Olean, Orchard Park, 
and Springville
859 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 7 PM THIS EVENING
TO 10 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...Heavy snow expected. The snow may briefly mix with sleet
  tonight. Total snow accumulations of 12 to 18 inches, with
  amounts near 20 inches for the Chautauqua Ridge and Boston
  Hills. Winds gusting as high as 45 mph will produce significant
  blowing and drifting snow Monday afternoon and Monday night.

* WHERE...Wyoming, Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, and Southern Erie 
  counties.

* WHEN...From 7 PM this evening to 10 PM EST Monday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult to impossible. Areas 
  of blowing snow could significantly reduce visibility. The 
  hazardous conditions could impact the morning or evening 
  commute.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

&&

$$

NYZ001-002-010-011-162200-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0200Z-220118T0000Z/
Niagara-Orleans-Northern Erie-Genesee-
Including the cities of Niagara Falls, Medina, Buffalo, 
and Batavia
859 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING
TO 7 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...Heavy snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 12 to 18
  inches with isolated amounts of up to 20 inches. Winds gusting
  as high as 45 mph will produce significant blowing and drifting
  snow Monday afternoon and evening.

* WHERE...Niagara, Orleans, Northern Erie, and Genesee counties.

* WHEN...From 9 PM this evening to 7 PM EST Monday.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult or even nearly
  impossible with deep snow cover on roads and very poor
  visibility. The hazardous conditions will impact the morning and
  evening commute Monday.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

&&

$$

NYZ013-014-021-162200-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0000Z-220118T0000Z/
Livingston-Ontario-Allegany-
Including the cities of Geneseo, Canandaigua, and Wellsville
859 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 7 PM THIS EVENING
TO 7 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...Heavy snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 6 to 12
  inches. Winds gusting as high as 40 mph will produce significant
  blowing and drifting snow late Monday afternoon and evening.

* WHERE...Livingston, Ontario, and Allegany counties.

* WHEN...From 7 PM this evening to 7 PM EST Monday.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult with deep snow cover on
  roads and poor visibility. The hazardous conditions will impact
  the morning and evening commute Monday.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

&&

$$

NYZ003-004-162200-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0200Z-220118T0000Z/
Monroe-Wayne-
Including the cities of Rochester and Newark
859 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING
TO 7 PM EST MONDAY...

* WHAT...Heavy snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 8 to 14
  inches. Winds gusting as high as 45 mph will produce significant
  blowing and drifting snow Monday afternoon and evening.

* WHERE...Monroe and Wayne counties.

* WHEN...From 9 PM this evening to 7 PM EST Monday.

* IMPACTS...Travel will be very difficult with deep snow cover on
  roads and poor visibility. The hazardous conditions will impact
  the morning and evening commute Monday.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

&&

$$

NYZ005-162200-
/O.CON.KBUF.WS.W.0001.220117T0300Z-220118T0600Z/
Northern Cayuga-
Including the city of Fair Haven
859 AM EST Sun Jan 16 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM THIS EVENING
TO 1 AM EST TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Heavy snow expected. Snow may mix with sleet late tonight
  and early Monday. Total snow accumulations of 8 to 12 inches.
  Winds gusting as high as 40 mph Monday afternoon and Monday
  night will result in areas of blowing snow.

* WHERE...Northern Cayuga county.

* WHEN...From 10 PM this evening to 1 AM EST Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult to impossible. Areas of
  blowing snow could significantly reduce visibility. The
  hazardous conditions could impact the morning or evening
  commute.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Widespread accumulating snow will create dangerous travel
conditions.

Submit snow reports through our website or social media.

&&

$$

Apffel

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this wind chill advisory went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Buffalo, NY wrote its last area forecast discussion before this wind chill advisory went out at Jan 15, 1:32 PM EST, 1 hour 8 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jan 15, 1:32 PM EST, 1 hour 8 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Buffalo NY
132 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

.SYNOPSIS...
A bitter cold sub arctic airmass will remain in place through
tonight. High pressure will moves east of our region with a slow,
but noticeable moderation in temperatures Sunday. A MAJOR winter
storm will then track north from the Carolinas with steady,
occasionally heavy snow spreading across the area Sunday night and
Monday with snowfall amounts of more than a foot anticipated for the
western counties.

&&

.NEAR TERM /THROUGH SUNDAY/...
Arctic high pressure centered north of Georgian Bay late this
morning will gradually settle to the south to Lake Ontario by this
evening. This will maintain a feed of very cold air into our
forecast area with temperatures today struggling to climb above 10F
across the western counties. For sites east of Lake Ontario, the
mercury will be lucky to break above zero.

Winds have lowered some this morning, but will continue to have
dangerously low wind chill values into this afternoon, ranging
from the single digits below zero for much of western New York
to 30 below across the North Country. Wind chill warnings and
advisories will remain intact into the early afternoon.

The glacial flow of sub arctic air across a wide open Lake Ontario
will continue to generate a wealth of low strato-cu over the western
counties into the early afternoon. While the lake response will
include some snow...generally north of the BUF-SYR portion of the NY
State Thruway...the pcpn will be very light. An extremely robust cap
of 4-5kft and a thin DGZ near the sfc within the very cold airmass
will limit the snow to needles and thin plates rather than fluffy
dendrites. Snow accums today will range from a coating to a few
tenths...and again...mainly for the counties lining the south shore
of Lk Ontario. As we push deep into the afternoon though...clearing
will start to move north across the Southern Tier. The North Country
will be the exception to the above with cloud free sunny skies to go
along with mainly below zero temps.

It will once again be bitter cold tonight. High pressure centered
near Lake Ontario at nightfall will drift east across the
Adirondacks to New England overnight. This will offer nearly ideal
radiational cooling to the Eastern Lake Ontario region where the
mercury will fall to nearly 20 below. While warming will start to
take place aloft on the backside of the exiting high pressure...
light winds will encourage temps over the western counties to drop
to between zero and 5 below. Wind chill values will at least
approach advisory criteria (-15F) over the western counties and
should meet criteria (-20F) across the North Country...but with wind
speeds well under 10 knots (and likely blow 5 kts)...new headlines
may not be needed. Later shifts will re-examine.

Sunday will truly be the 'calm before the storm'. High pressure
over New England will make its way off the coast by evening...while
the now much advertised winter storm will start to chug north from
the Carolinas. The resulting southeast flow over our forecast area
will guarantee sun filled skies...and with warm advection on
going...we can look forward to mercury levels climbing back to 25 to
30 over the wrn counties and to near 20 across the North Country.

&&

.SHORT TERM /SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT/...
...WIDESPREAD Heavy Snowfall Likely Sunday Night and Monday...

A strong mid level wave over the Southern Plains this morning will
round the base of the longwave trough across the southeast States
Sunday morning, then move NNE inland of the eastern seaboard as it
interacts with another strong mid level shortwave diving into the
western side of the longwave trough. The strong synoptic scale
forcing will allow a coastal low to develop along the Carolina coast
Sunday, with a strong low then taking an inland track up the east
coast Sunday night and Monday. This inland track is farther west
than climatology for east coast systems, but in this case
climatology is being overruled by the strong synoptic scale forcing.
The result will be heavy snow farther west than is typical with an
east coast storm.

Sunday night expect snow to rapidly overspread the area from south
to north from mid evening through the midnight hour. This initial
phase of heavy snow will be driven by a powerful 80+ knot
southeasterly low level jet and warm conveyor on the front side of
the system, transporting copious amounts of Atlantic moisture into
NY. Strong forcing from DPVA ahead of the mid level wave, a coupled
upper level jet structure, strongly diffluent upper level flow, and
strong isentropic upglide within the warm conveyor will come
together to produce a period of deep, strong ascent Sunday night.
Forecast soundings show strong ascent through the dendritic growth
zone, which is quite high in the 10-15K foot layer, with a deep
saturated layer and ascent below supporting ongoing collection of
supercooled water for snow falling through the column.

The 00Z NAM is very aggressive with a warm layer aloft for a time
Sunday night through Monday morning, which would allow for a mix or
change to sleet for several hours. All other guidance is colder
aloft, although even GFS soundings show a layer near 850MB nearing
0C for a few hours in the middle of the warm conveyor. Kept
precipitation type all snow for now, but trends in the warm layer
aloft will need to be monitored in future model runs.

Following the initial warm conveyor driven snow, a strong
deformation zone and TROWAL airstream will support a continuation of
heavy snow on Monday within the comma head of the cyclone. This will
park over Western NY through the morning and early afternoon, and
then pull eastward across Central NY and the eastern Lake Ontario
region from mid afternoon through early evening as the surface low
accelerates into northern New England. The deformation be heaviest
and longest lasting in Western NY, and will likely weaken with time
an have less residence time with eastern extent.

As far as accumulations go, for this forecast cycle we raised
accumulations by around 2" across Western NY given the strong model
agreement with the placement of the deformation axis. We also
lowered accumulations 1-2" east of Lake Ontario with mid level dry
slotting reducing precipitation rates for a time Monday. Storm
totals are forecast in the 12-18" range across Western NY, and 8-12"
across the eastern Lake Ontario region. There is certainly potential
for a small area to exceed 18" at the pivot point of the deformation
zone, especially if CSI banding develops. On the other hand, if the
NAM trend of sleet mixing in gains traction in other guidance, these
numbers may need to be adjusted downward some.

Confidence is high on warning criteria snow in Western NY, so we
will upgrade this area to a Winter Storm Warning. A Winter Storm
Watch will remain in effect east of Lake Ontario where forecast
amounts are lower.

Monday night, some lake effect snow will develop following the exit
of the widespread synoptic snow. This will add several more inches
of accumulation southeast of Lake Erie for the Chautauqua Ridge,
and also areas southeast of Lake Ontario from the Monroe County
shore east to Oswego County.

Winds will be relatively light initially in this event Sunday night
through Monday morning, with 20+ mph winds limited to the south
shore of Lake Ontario. Winds will increase markedly later Monday
afternoon and Monday night as the pressure gradient tightens in the
wake of the system, with wind gusts of over 35 mph likely areawide.
This will result in blowing and drifting snow during the latter
stages of this event.

&&

.LONG TERM /TUESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/...
Tuesday, west-northwest flow will continue across the Eastern Great
Lakes, with -20C 850 hPa air temperatures supporting lake effect
snow. Both the NAM and Canadian focus convergence and moisture along
with upstream connection to Lake Huron across northern Chautauqua
and inland...while a Georgian Bay connection will enhance snowfall
south and southeast of Lake Ontario. Lake induced Equilibrium levels
will be falling through the day...and though the snowbands will stay
locked nearly in place through the day they will begin to weaken,
especially Tuesday Night as warm air advection increases aloft and
surface high pressure passes through. Additional 2-3 inches of snow
in most persistent snow bands is possible Tuesday.

This surface high will provide a brief period of quiet weather,
before an alberta clipper low races towards our region Tuesday Night
and Wednesday. Southerly flow ahead of this low will begin to
increase temperatures late Tuesday Night, especially the downslope
areas of WNY. Gusty southerly winds will remain Wednesday, with
favored downslope areas potentially gusting into the 30 mph range.

An initial burst of snow late Tuesday Night and early Wednesday may
mix with a little sleet and rain towards midday Wednesday ahead of
the cold front. Hesitant to go above model guidance for temperatures
in this synoptic set-up due to potential deep snowpack across
portions of our region. There is still model track differences, but
several inches of snow remains possible with this event. The low
will drag a sharp cold front across our area later Wednesday, with
southerly winds shifting to westerly Wednesday Night.

This westerly flow and another plume of cold air will again
bring lake effect snow, with a general WNW flow. Lake snows
Wednesday Night will continue through Friday. A colder and
slightly drier airmass will hold overall snow totals in check.
Another area of high pressure Friday Night and Saturday will
diminish the lake snows, and bring a quiet, but still chilly
start to the weekend Saturday.

&&

.AVIATION /19Z SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/...
A bitter cold northeast flow will keep a wealth of lake induced MVFR
strato-cu over the western counties through midday, after which
cigs will thin and lift to VFR levels by mid afternoon. This
cloud cover will be accompanied by some very light snow from
KIAG to KROC, with vsbys generally ranging from 3-5SM for the
early morning hours. Meanwhile east of Lake Ontario, cloud free
skies will be in place.

VFR conditions with skies clearing regionwide can then be
anticipated tonight through most of Sunday.

Outlook...

Sunday night and Monday...IFR conditions for most of the region with
widespread snow. Potential MAJOR impacts to airport operations with
delays and cancellations likely.
Tuesday...Mainly VFR...but MVFR in lake snows at KROC and KJHW.
Wednesday...IFR to MVFR. Chance of light snow.

&&

.MARINE...
Arctic high pressure centered north of Georgian Bay this morning
will drift to near Lake Ontario by this evening. This will keep
moderate to occasionally fresh northeasterlies on place throughout the
Lower Great Lakes which will support SCA's for the Lake Ontario
nearshore waters west of Mexico Bay and also for sites southwest of
Dunkirk on Lake Erie. As we progress through the midday, winds
are forecast to weaken a bit.

The aforementioned center of high pressure will move from near lake
Ontario this evening to New England overnight. Light to gentle winds
can then be expected with a general veering to the east and
southeast.

While southeast winds will freshen a bit on Sunday, the
offshore flow will guarantee that conditions will remain below
SCA criteria.

Looking ahead to the start of the new work week, a Nor'easter
will track to the north across eastern New York on Monday then
will exit via the St Lawrence valley Monday night. Strong north
to northwest winds associated with this track will assure that
widespread SCA's will be needed.

&&

.BUF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
NY...Winter Storm Watch from Sunday evening through Monday
     afternoon for NYZ005>008.
     Winter Storm Warning from 9 PM Sunday to 7 PM EST Monday for
     NYZ001>004-010-011.
     Winter Storm Warning from 7 PM Sunday to 7 PM EST Monday for
     NYZ013-014-021.
     Winter Storm Warning from 7 PM Sunday to 10 PM EST Monday for
     NYZ012-019-020-085.
MARINE...None.

&&

SYNOPSIS...RSH/TMA
NEAR TERM...RSH/TMA
SHORT TERM...Hitchcock
LONG TERM...Thomas
AVIATION...RSH/TMA
MARINE...RSH/TMA
Hazardous weather outlook, Jan 15, 1:09 PM EST, 1 hour 31 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Buffalo NY
109 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

NYZ001>004-010-011-161815-
Niagara-Orleans-Monroe-Wayne-Northern Erie-Genesee-
109 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM SUNDAY TO 7 PM EST
MONDAY...

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of western New York.

.DAY ONE...This afternoon and tonight.

No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday.

Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the
Internet for more information about the following hazards.

   Winter Storm Warning.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation is not expected at this time.

This product, along with other watches, warnings, advisories, and
statements issued by the National Weather Service office in Buffalo
can be found on the internet at http://www.weather.gov/buf

NYZ005-161815-
Northern Cayuga-
109 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WINTER STORM WATCH IN EFFECT FROM SUNDAY EVENING THROUGH MONDAY
AFTERNOON...

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of central New York.

.DAY ONE...This afternoon and tonight.

No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday.

Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the
Internet for more information about the following hazards.

   Winter Storm Watch.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation is not expected at this time.

This product, along with other watches, warnings, advisories, and
statements issued by the National Weather Service office in Buffalo
can be found on the internet at http://www.weather.gov/buf

NYZ019-085-161815-
Chautauqua-Southern Erie-
109 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 7 PM SUNDAY TO 10 PM EST
MONDAY...

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of western New York.

.DAY ONE...This afternoon and tonight.

No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday.

Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the
Internet for more information about the following hazards.

   Winter Storm Warning.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation is not expected at this time.

This product, along with other watches, warnings, advisories, and
statements issued by the National Weather Service office in Buffalo
can be found on the internet at http://www.weather.gov/buf

NYZ013-014-021-161815-
Livingston-Ontario-Allegany-
109 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 7 PM SUNDAY TO 7 PM EST
MONDAY...

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of western New York.

.DAY ONE...This afternoon and tonight.

No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday.

Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the
Internet for more information about the following hazards.

   Winter Storm Warning.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation is not expected at this time.

This product, along with other watches, warnings, advisories, and
statements issued by the National Weather Service office in Buffalo
can be found on the internet at http://www.weather.gov/buf

NYZ012-020-161815-
Wyoming-Cattaraugus-
109 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 7 PM SUNDAY TO 10 PM EST
MONDAY...

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of western New York.

.DAY ONE...This afternoon and tonight.

No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday.

Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the
Internet for more information about the following hazards.

   Winter Storm Warning.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation is not expected at this time.

This product, along with other watches, warnings, advisories, and
statements issued by the National Weather Service office in Buffalo
can be found on the internet at http://www.weather.gov/buf

NYZ006>008-161815-
Oswego-Jefferson-Lewis-
109 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

...WINTER STORM WATCH IN EFFECT FROM SUNDAY EVENING THROUGH MONDAY
AFTERNOON...

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of central New York.

.DAY ONE...This afternoon and tonight.

No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday.

Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the
Internet for more information about the following hazards.

   Winter Storm Watch.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation is not expected at this time.

This product, along with other watches, warnings, advisories, and
statements issued by the National Weather Service office in Buffalo
can be found on the internet at http://www.weather.gov/buf

LEZ020-040-041-LOZ030-042>045-062>065-161815-
Upper Niagara River and Buffalo Harbor-
Lake Erie nearshore waters from Ripley to Dunkirk-
Lake Erie nearshore waters from Dunkirk to Buffalo-
Lower Niagara River-
Lake Ontario nearshore waters from the Niagara River to Hamlin Beach-
Lake Ontario nearshore waters from Hamlin Beach to Sodus Bay-
Lake Ontario nearshore waters from Sodus Bay to Mexico Bay-
Lake Ontario nearshore waters from Mexico Bay to the Saint Lawrence
River-
Lake Ontario open waters from the Niagara River to Hamlin Beach-
Lake Ontario open waters from Hamlin Beach to Sodus Bay-
Lake Ontario open waters from Sodus Bay to Mexico Bay-
Lake Ontario open waters from Mexico Bay to the Saint Lawrence River-
109 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of Lake Erie and Lake
Ontario.

.DAY ONE...This afternoon and tonight.

No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday.

No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation is not expected at this time.

This product, along with other watches, warnings, advisories, and
statements issued by the National Weather Service office in Buffalo
can be found on the internet at http://www.weather.gov/buf

SLZ022-024-161815-
Saint Lawrence River from Cape Vincent to Ogdensburg-
Saint Lawrence River from Ogdensburg to Saint Regis-
109 PM EST Sat Jan 15 2022

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for the New York waters of the
Saint Lawrence River.

.DAY ONE...This afternoon and tonight.

No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday.

No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation is not expected at this time.

This product, along with other watches, warnings, advisories, and
statements issued by the National Weather Service office in Buffalo
can be found on the internet at http://www.weather.gov/buf

The office that day

Everything else NWS Buffalo, NY issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jan 15, 3:37 AM ESTWinter Storm WarningBUFAllegany, Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee and 10 more69 hr

Nearby

Wind Chill Advisories in New York, 2022Every wind chill advisory in 2022

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.