Alert archive / South Dakota / Mesoscale Discussions in 2021

Mesoscale Discussion 710

May 23, 20216 counties in South Dakota

The Storm Prediction Center issued this mesoscale discussion at May 23, 2021, 12:58 PM MDT for 6 counties in South Dakota. It was in force for 2 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
May 23, 2021, 12:58 PM MDT (18:58 UTC)
Expired
May 23, 2021, 3:00 PM MDT
In force
2 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Concerning
Severe potential...watch likely
Chance of a watch
80%

Counties Haakon County, SD, Meade County, SD, Oglala Lakota County, SD, Pennington County, SD, Perkins County, SD, Ziebach County, SD

The radar

The Rapid City radar (KUDX), 49 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 19:01 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The watches that followed

Watches SPC issued over any of the same counties within four hours of this discussion.

The nearest sounding before it

Rapid City, SD (KUNR), launched 12:00Z, 7.0 hours before the alert went out and 56 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Rapid City, SD at 12:00Z on 2021-05-23Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Rapid City, SD at 12:00Z on 2021-05-23The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 271 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
549 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
28 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
271 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
339 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

603 
ACUS11 KWNS 231859
SWOMCD
SPC MCD 231858 
SDZ000-232100-

Mesoscale Discussion 0710
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0158 PM CDT Sun May 23 2021

Areas affected...Parts of western South Dakota

Concerning...Severe potential...Watch likely 

Valid 231858Z - 232100Z

Probability of Watch Issuance...80 percent

SUMMARY...Thunderstorms will develop east through north-northeast of
the Black Hills by 3-5 PM MDT, with the potential for a few to
intensify and pose increasing risk for severe hail, and perhaps a
couple of tornadoes.

DISCUSSION...A surface frontal zone, associated with the
southern/leading edge of shallow cold surface air, initially south
through east-northeast of the Black Hills, is eroding from southeast
to northwest.  There is variance between the NAM and Rapid Refresh
concerning how this proceeds to the east and north-northeast of the
Black Hills through the remainder of the afternoon, as surface
pressures continue to fall  across the high plains in response to a
couple of mid-level perturbations approaching the northern Rockies. 
However, given potential for weak to moderate boundary-layer
destabilization, in the presence of strong (and strengthening)
deep-layer shear, the development of vigorous, organized convection
appears possible by 21-23Z.  This may initially include supercells
posing a risk for severe hail, along with a conditional risk for
tornadoes.

..Kerr/Guyer.. 05/23/2021

...Please see www.spc.noaa.gov for graphic product...

ATTN...WFO...ABR...UNR...

LAT...LON   44320356 44950302 45580285 45850262 45690188 45010087
            43500197 43150271 43060333 44320356

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
May 23, 10:53 AM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCFall River2 hr
May 23, 1:50 PM MDTTornado WatchSPCBennett, Butte, Corson, Custer, Dewey, Fall River and 9 more7 hr
May 23, 1:57 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCFall River2 hr
May 23, 5:25 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBennett, Butte, Corson, Custer, Dewey, Fall River and 9 more95 min

Nearby

Mesoscale Discussions in South Dakota, 2021Every mesoscale discussion in 2021

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.