Alert archive / Montana / Wind Chill Advisories in 2021

Wind Chill Advisory 4, NWS Missoula, MT

December 25, 2021Flathead County, Lake County, Montana

NWS Missoula, MT issued this wind chill advisory at Dec 25, 2021, 11:00 AM MST for Flathead County, Lake County, Montana. It took effect at Dec 25, 2021, 5:00 PM MST. It was in force for 48 min.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Dec 25, 2021, 11:00 AM MST (18:00 UTC)
In effect from
Dec 25, 2021, 5:00 PM MST
Expired
Dec 25, 2021, 5:48 PM MST
In force
48 min
Issued by
NWS Missoula, MT

Counties Flathead County, MT, Lake County, MT

The radar

The Missoula radar (KMSX), 104 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 18:03 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Spokane, WA (KOTX), launched 12:00Z, 6.0 hours before the alert went out and 177 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Spokane, WA at 12:00Z on 2021-12-25Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Spokane, WA at 12:00Z on 2021-12-25The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 78 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
789 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
29 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
78 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
97 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

678 
WWUS45 KMSO 251800
WSWMSO

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Missoula MT
1100 AM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

MTZ002-261800-
/O.EXP.KMSO.WS.W.0014.000000T0000Z-211225T1800Z/
/O.NEW.KMSO.WW.Y.0078.211225T1800Z-211226T0000Z/
/O.NEW.KMSO.WC.Y.0004.211226T0000Z-211226T1800Z/
West Glacier Region-
1100 AM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 5 PM MST THIS
AFTERNOON...
...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 5 PM THIS AFTERNOON TO
11 AM MST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WARNING HAS EXPIRED...

* WHAT...For the Winter Weather Advisory, snow. Additional snow
  accumulations of 1 to 3 inches. For the Wind Chill Advisory,
  very cold wind chills expected. Wind chills as low as 30 below 
  zero.

* WHERE...Bad Rock Canyon, Essex, Highway 83 Bigfork to Swan 
  Lake, Marias Pass, and Polebridge.

* WHEN...For the Winter Weather Advisory, until 5 PM MST this 
  afternoon. For the Wind Chill Advisory, from 5 PM this 
  afternoon to 11 AM MST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. The dangerously cold wind 
  chills could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as little as 
  10 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling. 

Use caution while traveling outside. Wear appropriate clothing, a
hat, and gloves. 

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$

MTZ001-261800-
/O.EXP.KMSO.WW.Y.0077.000000T0000Z-211225T1800Z/
/O.CON.KMSO.WS.A.0011.211226T1200Z-211227T0600Z/
Kootenai/Cabinet Region-
1100 AM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER STORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
SUNDAY EVENING...
...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY HAS EXPIRED...

* WHAT...Heavy snow possible. Total snow accumulations of 2 to 4 
  inches possible.

* WHERE...Highway 2 Kalispell to Libby, Highway 37 Eureka to 
  Libby, Highway 56 Bull Lake Road, and Highway 93 Eureka to 
  Whitefish.

* WHEN...For the Winter Weather Advisory, until 11 AM MST this 
  morning. For the Winter Storm Watch, from late tonight through 
  Sunday evening.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be very difficult. The cold wind chills 
  as low as 30 below zero could cause frostbite on exposed skin 
  in as little as 30 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Monitor the latest forecasts for updates on this situation. 

&&

$$

MTZ004-251900-
/O.EXP.KMSO.WW.Y.0076.000000T0000Z-211225T1800Z/
Lower Clark Fork Region-
1100 AM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY HAS EXPIRED...

$$

MTZ003-261800-
/O.CON.KMSO.WS.A.0011.211226T1200Z-211227T0600Z/
Flathead/Mission Valleys-
1100 AM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER STORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
SUNDAY EVENING...

* WHAT...Heavy snow possible. Total snow accumulations of 1 to 4 
  inches possible, along with blowing snow, and a sudden drop in 
  temperature to single digits.

* WHERE...Flathead Lake, Flathead Valley, Mission Valley, and 
  Polson.

* WHEN...From late tonight through Sunday evening.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. The cold wind chills as 
  low as 15 below zero could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Monitor the latest forecasts for updates on this situation.

&&

$$

MTZ007-261800-
/O.CON.KMSO.WS.A.0011.211226T1200Z-211227T0600Z/
Butte/Blackfoot Region-
1100 AM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER STORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
SUNDAY EVENING...

* WHAT...Heavy snow possible. Total snow accumulations of 1 to 4 
  inches possible, along with blowing snow, and a sudden drop in 
  temperature below 0 degrees.

* WHERE...Butte, Georgetown Lake, Highway 12 Garrison to 
  Elliston, Homestake Pass, and MacDonald Pass.

* WHEN...From late tonight through Sunday evening.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. The cold wind chills as 
  low as 25 below zero could cause frostbite on exposed skin in 
  as little as 30 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Monitor the latest forecasts for updates on this situation.

&&

$$
2 follow-up statements
613 
WWUS45 KMSO 251943
WSWMSO

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Missoula MT
1243 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

MTZ001-261945-
/O.UPG.KMSO.WS.A.0011.211226T1200Z-211227T0600Z/
/O.NEW.KMSO.WW.Y.0079.211226T1200Z-211227T0000Z/
Kootenai/Cabinet Region-
1243 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 5 AM TO 5 PM MST
SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 2 to 5 
  inches. Wind chill as cold as 25 below zero.

* WHERE...Highway 2 Kalispell to Libby, Highway 37 Eureka to 
  Libby, Highway 56 Bull Lake Road, and Highway 93 Eureka to 
  Whitefish, Yaak.

* WHEN...From 5 AM to 5 PM MST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. The cold wind chills as low
  as 25 below zero could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as 
  little as 30 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling. 

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$

MTZ003-261945-
/O.UPG.KMSO.WS.A.0011.211226T1200Z-211227T0600Z/
/O.NEW.KMSO.WW.Y.0079.211226T1200Z-211227T0000Z/
Flathead/Mission Valleys-
1243 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 5 AM TO 5 PM MST
SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of up to 3
  inches. Wind chill as cold as 20 below zero.

* WHERE...Flathead Lake, Flathead Valley, Mission Valley, and 
  Polson.

* WHEN...From 5 AM to 5 PM MST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. The cold wind chills as 
  low as 10 below zero could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling. 

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$

MTZ007-261945-
/O.UPG.KMSO.WS.A.0011.211226T1200Z-211227T0600Z/
/O.NEW.KMSO.WW.Y.0079.211226T1200Z-211227T0000Z/
Butte/Blackfoot Region-
1243 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 5 AM TO 5 PM MST
SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of up to 3
  inches. Wind chill as cold as 10 below zero.

* WHERE...Butte, Georgetown Lake, Ovando, Highway 12 Garrison to 
  Elliston, Homestake Pass, and MacDonald Pass.

* WHEN...From 5 AM to 5 PM MST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. The cold wind chills as low
  as 10 below zero could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as 
  little as 30 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling. 

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$

MTZ004-261945-
/O.NEW.KMSO.WW.Y.0079.211226T1200Z-211227T0000Z/
Lower Clark Fork Region-
1243 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 5 AM TO 5 PM MST
SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 1 to 3 inches,
  with 3 to 5 inches for Lookout Pass. 

* WHERE...Evaro Hill, Highway 200 Thompson Falls to Plains, 
  Highway 200 Trout Creek to Heron, and I-90 Lookout Pass to 
  Haugan.

* WHEN...From 5 AM to 5 PM MST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling. 

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$

MTZ043-261945-
/O.NEW.KMSO.WW.Y.0079.211226T1200Z-211227T0000Z/
Potomac/Seeley Lake Region-
1243 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 5 AM TO 5 PM MST
SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 1 to 4 
  inches. Wind chill as cold as 5 below zero.

* WHERE...Highway 200 Bonner to Greenough, Highway 83 Seeley 
  Lake to Condon, and I-90 East Missoula to Bearmouth.

* WHEN...From 5 AM to 5 PM MST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. The cold wind chills as low
  as 5 below zero could result in hypothermia if precautions are 
  not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling. 

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$

MTZ002-261800-
/O.CON.KMSO.WW.Y.0078.000000T0000Z-211226T0000Z/
/O.CON.KMSO.WC.Y.0004.211226T0000Z-211226T1800Z/
West Glacier Region-
1243 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 5 PM MST THIS
AFTERNOON...
...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 5 PM THIS AFTERNOON
TO 11 AM MST SUNDAY...

* WHAT...For the Winter Weather Advisory, snow. Additional snow 
  accumulations of 1 to 3 inches. For the Wind Chill Advisory, 
  very cold wind chills expected. Wind chills as low as 30 below 
  zero.

* WHERE...Bad Rock Canyon, Essex, Highway 83 Bigfork to Swan 
  Lake, Marias Pass, and Polebridge.

* WHEN...For the Winter Weather Advisory, until 5 PM MST this 
  afternoon. For the Wind Chill Advisory, from 5 PM this 
  afternoon to 11 AM MST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. The dangerously cold wind 
  chills could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as little as 
  10 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling.

Use caution while traveling outside. Wear appropriate clothing, a
hat, and gloves.

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$
384 
WWUS45 KMSO 260048
WSWMSO

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Missoula MT
548 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

MTZ002-270100-
/O.UPG.KMSO.WC.Y.0004.000000T0000Z-211226T1800Z/
/O.NEW.KMSO.WC.W.0002.211226T0048Z-211227T1200Z/
West Glacier Region-
548 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WIND CHILL WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 5 AM MST MONDAY...

* WHAT...Dangerously cold wind chills. Wind chills as low as 46
  below zero between West Glacier and Marias Pass. Wind chills as
  low as 35 below zero at Bad Rock Canyon. Periods of light to 
  moderate snow expected through Sunday combined with wind gusts 
  to 40 mph will create blowing and drifting snow at times.

* WHERE...Bad Rock Canyon, Essex, and Marias Pass.

* WHEN...Until 5 AM MST Monday.

* IMPACTS...The dangerously cold wind chills could cause frostbite
  on exposed skin in as little as 10 minutes. Blowing snow will
  reduce visibility to less than one mile at times.

* IMPACTS...The dangerously cold wind chills could cause 
  frostbite on exposed skin in as little as 10 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Avoid outside activities if possible. When outside, make sure you
wear appropriate clothing, a hat, and gloves. 

&&

$$

MTZ006-261800-
/O.EXB.KMSO.WW.Y.0079.211226T0800Z-211226T1800Z/
Bitterroot/Sapphire Mountains-
548 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 11 AM MST
SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations between 1 and 2
  inches.

* WHERE...Bitterroot/Sapphire Mountains.

* WHEN...From 1 AM to 11 AM MST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling. 

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$

IDZ005-006-261800-
/O.EXB.KMSO.WW.Y.0079.211226T0800Z-211226T1800Z/
Northern Clearwater Mountains-Southern Clearwater Mountains-
448 PM PST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO
10 AM PST SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 1 to 3 
  inches.

* WHERE...Elk River, Highway 11 Pierce to Headquarters, Pierce, 
  Dixie, Elk City, and Highway 12 Lowell to Lolo Pass.

* WHEN...From midnight tonight to 10 AM PST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling. 

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$

IDZ009-010-261800-
/O.EXB.KMSO.WW.Y.0079.211226T0300Z-211226T1800Z/
Western Lemhi County-Eastern Lemhi County-
548 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 AM MST SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of up to two 
  inches.

* WHERE...Shoup, Bannock Pass, Highway 28 Tendoy to Lone Pine, 
  Highway 93 Lost Trail Pass to Gibbonsville, Lemhi Pass, and 
  Salmon.

* WHEN...Until 11 AM MST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling. 

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$

MTZ001-270000-
/O.EXT.KMSO.WW.Y.0079.211226T0900Z-211227T0000Z/
Kootenai/Cabinet Region-
548 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT FROM 2 AM TO 5 PM MST
SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 2 to 5 inches.
  Increasing northeast winds between 12 and 18 mph with gusts to
  28 mph on US-2 between Happy's Inn and Kila will create
  localized blowing and drifting snow with low visibility. Wind 
  chill as cold as 25 below zero.

* WHERE...Highway 2 Kalispell to Libby, Highway 37 Eureka to 
  Libby, Highway 56 Bull Lake Road, and Highway 93 Eureka to 
  Whitefish, Yaak.

* WHEN...From 2 AM to 5 PM MST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. The cold wind chills as low
  as 25 below zero could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as
  little as 30 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling.

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$

MTZ003-270000-
/O.EXT.KMSO.WW.Y.0079.211226T1100Z-211227T0000Z/
Flathead/Mission Valleys-
548 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT FROM 4 AM TO 5 PM MST
SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of up to 3
  inches. Increasing north to east winds between 15 and 25 mph
  with gusts to 35 mph overnight. This could lead to localized
  blowing and drifting snow in the Flathead Valley, around 
  Flathead Lake and on Highway 28 near Hot Springs. Wind chill as 
  cold as 25 below zero.

* WHERE...Flathead Lake, Flathead Valley, Mission Valley, and 
  Polson.

* WHEN...From 4 AM to 5 PM MST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. The cold wind chills as low
  as 25 below zero cause frostbite on exposed skin in as little 
  as 30 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling.

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$

MTZ004-270000-
/O.CON.KMSO.WW.Y.0079.211226T1200Z-211227T0000Z/
Lower Clark Fork Region-
548 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 5 AM TO 5 PM
MST SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 1 to 3 
  inches, with 3 to 5 inches for Lookout Pass.

* WHERE...Evaro Hill, Highway 200 Thompson Falls to Plains, 
  Highway 200 Trout Creek to Heron, and I-90 Lookout Pass to 
  Haugan.

* WHEN...From 5 AM to 5 PM MST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling.

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$

MTZ007-270000-
/O.CON.KMSO.WW.Y.0079.211226T1200Z-211227T0000Z/
Butte/Blackfoot Region-
548 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 5 AM TO 5 PM
MST SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of up to 3
  inches. East winds between 15 and 30 mph will create localized
  blowing and drifting snow with low visibility along Highways 
  200 and 12. Wind chill as cold as 30 below zero in Helmville and
  MacDonald Pass, to 20 below zero elsewhere.

* WHERE...Butte, Georgetown Lake, Ovando, Highway 12 Garrison to 
  Elliston, Homestake Pass, and MacDonald Pass.

* WHEN...From 5 AM to 5 PM MST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. The cold wind chills as low
  as 30 below zero could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as 
  little as 30 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling.

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$

MTZ043-270000-
/O.CON.KMSO.WW.Y.0079.211226T1200Z-211227T0000Z/
Potomac/Seeley Lake Region-
548 PM MST Sat Dec 25 2021

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 5 AM TO 5 PM
MST SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 1 to 4 inches.
  East winds between 10 and 20 mph with gusts to 30 mph along
  Highway 200 near and east of Clearwater Junction will create 
  localized blowing and drifting snow and low visibility at times.
  Wind chill as cold as 15 below zero.

* WHERE...Highway 200 Bonner to Greenough, Highway 83 Seeley 
  Lake to Condon, and I-90 East Missoula to Bearmouth.

* WHEN...From 5 AM to 5 PM MST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Travel could be affected. The cold wind chills as low
  as 15 below zero could result in hypothermia if precautions are
  not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling.

The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can
be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

&&

$$

The office that day

Everything else NWS Missoula, MT issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Dec 24, 8:39 PM MSTSnow Squall WarningMSOMineral81 min
Dec 25, 8:23 AM MSTSpecial Weather StatementMSOMissoula52 min
Dec 25, 11:00 AM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryMSOFlathead, Lake6 hr
Dec 25, 12:43 PM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryMSODeer Lodge, Flathead, Granite, Lake, Lincoln, Mineral and 5 more28 hr

Nearby

Wind Chill Advisories in Montana, 2021Every wind chill advisory in 2021

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.