Alert archive / Massachusetts / Wind Advisories in 2020

Wind Advisory 2, NWS Boston/Norton, MA

January 11, 202013 counties in Massachusetts; 5 counties in Rhode Island; Capitol Planning Region, Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut

NWS Boston/Norton, MA issued this wind advisory at Jan 11, 2020, 1:08 PM EST for 13 counties in Massachusetts; 5 counties in Rhode Island; Capitol Planning Region, Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut. It was in force for 27 hr.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Jan 11, 2020, 1:08 PM EST (18:08 UTC)
Expired
Jan 12, 2020, 3:52 PM EST
In force
27 hr
Issued by
NWS Boston/Norton, MA

Counties Capitol Planning Region, CT, Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, CT, Barnstable County, MA, Bristol County, MA, Dukes County, MA, Essex County, MA, Franklin County, MA, Hampden County, MA, Hampshire County, MA, Middlesex County, MA, Nantucket County, MA, Norfolk County, MA, Plymouth County, MA, Suffolk County, MA, Worcester County, MA, Bristol County, RI, Kent County, RI, Newport County, RI, Providence County, RI, Washington County, RI

The radar

The Boston radar (KBOX), 26 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 18:11 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Chatham, MA (KCHH), launched 12:00Z, 6.1 hours before the alert went out and 127 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Chatham, MA at 12:00Z on 2020-01-11Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Chatham, MA at 12:00Z on 2020-01-11The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 275 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
958 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
55 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
275 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
329 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

306 
WWUS71 KBOX 111808
NPWBOX

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA
108 PM EST Sat Jan 11 2020

MAZ004>007-012>024-026-RIZ001>008-120215-
/O.NEW.KBOX.WI.Y.0002.200111T1808Z-200112T2100Z/
Northern Worcester MA-Central Middlesex MA-Western Essex MA-
Eastern Essex MA-Southern Worcester MA-Western Norfolk MA-
Southeast Middlesex MA-Suffolk MA-Eastern Norfolk MA-
Northern Bristol MA-Western Plymouth MA-Eastern Plymouth MA-
Southern Bristol MA-Southern Plymouth MA-Barnstable MA-Dukes MA-
Nantucket MA-Northern Middlesex MA-Northwest Providence RI-
Southeast Providence RI-Western Kent RI-Eastern Kent RI-
Bristol RI-Washington RI-Newport RI-Block Island RI-
Including the cities of Barre, Fitchburg, Framingham, Lowell, 
Lawrence, Gloucester, Milford, Worcester, Foxborough, Norwood, 
Cambridge, Boston, Quincy, Taunton, Brockton, Plymouth, 
Fall River, New Bedford, Mattapoisett, Chatham, Falmouth, 
Provincetown, Vineyard Haven, Nantucket, Ayer, Foster, 
Smithfield, Providence, Coventry, West Greenwich, East Greenwich,
Warwick, West Warwick, Bristol, Narragansett, Westerly, Newport, 
and New Shoreham
108 PM EST Sat Jan 11 2020

...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM EST SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 mph with gusts between 45 and 55 
  mph.

* WHERE...Portions of central, eastern, northeastern and 
  southeastern Massachusetts and northern and southern Rhode 
  Island.

* WHEN...Until 4 PM EST Sunday. The strongest of the winds will be
  near daybreak Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. 
  Tree limbs could be blown down and a few power outages may 
  result.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...The strongest winds will come in two
  pulses. The first will be through late this afternoon, before
  winds diminish some this evening. The second pulse of strong
  winds will occur toward daybreak Sunday and continue into Sunday
  afternoon. The second pulse of winds near daybreak Sunday is
  expected to be the strongest, where some wind gusts up to 55 mph
  will be possible.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high
profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects.

&&

$$

CTZ002>004-MAZ002-003-008>011-120215-
/O.NEW.KBOX.WI.Y.0002.200112T0600Z-200112T2100Z/
Hartford CT-Tolland CT-Windham CT-Western Franklin MA-
Eastern Franklin MA-Western Hampshire MA-Western Hampden MA-
Eastern Hampshire MA-Eastern Hampden MA-
Including the cities of Hartford, Windsor Locks, Union, Vernon, 
Putnam, Willimantic, Charlemont, Greenfield, Orange, 
Chesterfield, Blandford, Amherst, Northampton, and Springfield
108 PM EST Sat Jan 11 2020

...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 4 PM EST SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 mph with gusts up to 50 mph 
  expected.

* WHERE...In Connecticut, Hartford CT, Tolland CT and Windham CT 
  Counties. In Massachusetts, Western Franklin MA, Eastern 
  Franklin MA, Western Hampshire MA, Western Hampden MA, Eastern 
  Hampshire MA and Eastern Hampden MA Counties.

* WHEN...From 1 AM to 4 PM EST Sunday. The strongest of the winds
  will be near daybreak Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. 
  Tree limbs could be blown down and a few power outages may 
  result.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high
profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects.

&&

$$

Frank

For more information from the National Weather Service visit
https://weather.gov/box
5 follow-up statements
410 
WWUS71 KBOX 112036
NPWBOX

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA
336 PM EST Sat Jan 11 2020

MAZ004>007-012>024-026-RIZ001>008-120445-
/O.CON.KBOX.WI.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-200112T2100Z/
Northern Worcester MA-Central Middlesex MA-Western Essex MA-
Eastern Essex MA-Southern Worcester MA-Western Norfolk MA-
Southeast Middlesex MA-Suffolk MA-Eastern Norfolk MA-
Northern Bristol MA-Western Plymouth MA-Eastern Plymouth MA-
Southern Bristol MA-Southern Plymouth MA-Barnstable MA-Dukes MA-
Nantucket MA-Northern Middlesex MA-Northwest Providence RI-
Southeast Providence RI-Western Kent RI-Eastern Kent RI-
Bristol RI-Washington RI-Newport RI-Block Island RI-
Including the cities of Barre, Fitchburg, Framingham, Lowell, 
Lawrence, Gloucester, Milford, Worcester, Foxborough, Norwood, 
Cambridge, Boston, Quincy, Taunton, Brockton, Plymouth, 
Fall River, New Bedford, Mattapoisett, Chatham, Falmouth, 
Provincetown, Vineyard Haven, Nantucket, Ayer, Foster, 
Smithfield, Providence, Coventry, West Greenwich, East Greenwich,
Warwick, West Warwick, Bristol, Narragansett, Westerly, Newport, 
and New Shoreham
336 PM EST Sat Jan 11 2020

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM EST SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 mph with gusts between 45 and 
  55 mph.

* WHERE...Central and eastern Massachusetts as well as Rhode
  Island.

* WHEN...Until 4 PM EST Sunday. The strongest of the winds will 
  be near daybreak Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. 
  Tree limbs could be blown down and a few power outages may 
  result.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...The strongest winds will be in two pulses.
  The current pulse of wind should diminish a bit through early
  evening. The second pulse of stronger winds will occur toward
  daybreak Sunday and continue into Sunday afternoon. The
  strongest of those winds will occur Sunday morning, where some
  brief wind gusts up to 55 mph will be possible across Rhode 
  Island and Southeast Massachusetts.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high
profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects.

&&

$$

CTZ002>004-MAZ002-003-008>011-120445-
/O.CON.KBOX.WI.Y.0002.200112T0600Z-200112T2100Z/
Hartford CT-Tolland CT-Windham CT-Western Franklin MA-
Eastern Franklin MA-Western Hampshire MA-Western Hampden MA-
Eastern Hampshire MA-Eastern Hampden MA-
Including the cities of Hartford, Windsor Locks, Union, Vernon, 
Putnam, Willimantic, Charlemont, Greenfield, Orange, 
Chesterfield, Blandford, Amherst, Northampton, and Springfield
336 PM EST Sat Jan 11 2020

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 4 PM EST SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 mph with gusts up to 50 mph 
  expected.

* WHERE...Western Massachusetts and northern Connecticut.

* WHEN...From 1 AM to 4 PM EST Sunday. The strongest of the 
  winds will be near daybreak Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. 
  Tree limbs could be blown down and a few power outages may 
  result.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high
profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects.

&&

$$

Frank

For more information from the National Weather Service visit
https://weather.gov/box
056 
WWUS71 KBOX 120308
NPWBOX

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA
1008 PM EST Sat Jan 11 2020

MAZ004>007-012>024-026-RIZ001>008-121115-
/O.CON.KBOX.WI.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-200112T2100Z/
Northern Worcester MA-Central Middlesex MA-Western Essex MA-
Eastern Essex MA-Southern Worcester MA-Western Norfolk MA-
Southeast Middlesex MA-Suffolk MA-Eastern Norfolk MA-
Northern Bristol MA-Western Plymouth MA-Eastern Plymouth MA-
Southern Bristol MA-Southern Plymouth MA-Barnstable MA-Dukes MA-
Nantucket MA-Northern Middlesex MA-Northwest Providence RI-
Southeast Providence RI-Western Kent RI-Eastern Kent RI-
Bristol RI-Washington RI-Newport RI-Block Island RI-
Including the cities of Barre, Fitchburg, Framingham, Lowell, 
Lawrence, Gloucester, Milford, Worcester, Foxborough, Norwood, 
Cambridge, Boston, Quincy, Taunton, Brockton, Plymouth, 
Fall River, New Bedford, Mattapoisett, Chatham, Falmouth, 
Provincetown, Vineyard Haven, Nantucket, Ayer, Foster, 
Smithfield, Providence, Coventry, West Greenwich, East Greenwich,
Warwick, West Warwick, Bristol, Narragansett, Westerly, Newport, 
and New Shoreham
1008 PM EST Sat Jan 11 2020

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM EST SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 mph with gusts up to 50 mph.

* WHERE...Portions of central, eastern, northeastern and 
  southeastern Massachusetts and northern and southern Rhode 
  Island.

* WHEN...Until 4 PM EST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. 
  Tree limbs could be blown down and a few power outages may 
  result.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high
profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects.

&&

$$

CTZ002>004-MAZ002-003-008>011-121115-
/O.CON.KBOX.WI.Y.0002.200112T0600Z-200112T2100Z/
Hartford CT-Tolland CT-Windham CT-Western Franklin MA-
Eastern Franklin MA-Western Hampshire MA-Western Hampden MA-
Eastern Hampshire MA-Eastern Hampden MA-
Including the cities of Hartford, Windsor Locks, Union, Vernon, 
Putnam, Willimantic, Charlemont, Greenfield, Orange, 
Chesterfield, Blandford, Amherst, Northampton, and Springfield
1008 PM EST Sat Jan 11 2020

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM EST SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 mph with gusts up to 50 mph 
  expected.

* WHERE...In Connecticut, Tolland CT, Hartford CT and Windham CT 
  Counties. In Massachusetts, Eastern Hampden MA, Eastern 
  Hampshire MA, Western Franklin MA, Western Hampshire MA, 
  Western Hampden MA and Eastern Franklin MA Counties.

* WHEN...Until 4 PM EST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. 
  Tree limbs could be blown down and a few power outages may 
  result.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high
profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects.

&&

$$

For more information from the National Weather Service visit
https://weather.gov/box
493 
WWUS71 KBOX 120900
NPWBOX

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA
400 AM EST Sun Jan 12 2020

MAZ004>007-012>024-026-RIZ001>008-121700-
/O.CON.KBOX.WI.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-200112T2100Z/
Northern Worcester MA-Central Middlesex MA-Western Essex MA-
Eastern Essex MA-Southern Worcester MA-Western Norfolk MA-
Southeast Middlesex MA-Suffolk MA-Eastern Norfolk MA-
Northern Bristol MA-Western Plymouth MA-Eastern Plymouth MA-
Southern Bristol MA-Southern Plymouth MA-Barnstable MA-Dukes MA-
Nantucket MA-Northern Middlesex MA-Northwest Providence RI-
Southeast Providence RI-Western Kent RI-Eastern Kent RI-
Bristol RI-Washington RI-Newport RI-Block Island RI-
Including the cities of Barre, Fitchburg, Framingham, Lowell, 
Lawrence, Gloucester, Milford, Worcester, Foxborough, Norwood, 
Cambridge, Boston, Quincy, Taunton, Brockton, Plymouth, 
Fall River, New Bedford, Mattapoisett, Chatham, Falmouth, 
Provincetown, Vineyard Haven, Nantucket, Ayer, Foster, 
Smithfield, Providence, Coventry, West Greenwich, East Greenwich,
Warwick, West Warwick, Bristol, Narragansett, Westerly, Newport, 
and New Shoreham
400 AM EST Sun Jan 12 2020

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM EST THIS
AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 mph with gusts up to 50 mph.

* WHERE...Portions of central, eastern, northeastern and 
  southeastern Massachusetts and northern and southern Rhode 
  Island.

* WHEN...Until 4 PM EST this afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. 
  Tree limbs could be blown down and a few power outages may 
  result.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high
profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects.

&&

$$

CTZ002>004-MAZ002-003-008>011-121700-
/O.CON.KBOX.WI.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-200112T2100Z/
Hartford CT-Tolland CT-Windham CT-Western Franklin MA-
Eastern Franklin MA-Western Hampshire MA-Western Hampden MA-
Eastern Hampshire MA-Eastern Hampden MA-
Including the cities of Hartford, Windsor Locks, Union, Vernon, 
Putnam, Willimantic, Charlemont, Greenfield, Orange, 
Chesterfield, Blandford, Amherst, Northampton, and Springfield
400 AM EST Sun Jan 12 2020

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM EST THIS
AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 mph with gusts up to 45 mph.

* WHERE...In Connecticut, Tolland CT, Hartford CT and Windham CT 
  Counties. In Massachusetts, Eastern Hampden MA, Eastern 
  Hampshire MA, Western Franklin MA, Western Hampshire MA, 
  Western Hampden MA and Eastern Franklin MA Counties.

* WHEN...Until 4 PM EST this afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. 
  Tree limbs could be blown down and a few power outages may 
  result.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high
profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects.

&&

$$

For more information from the National Weather Service visit
https://weather.gov/box
913 
WWUS71 KBOX 121701
NPWBOX

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA
1201 PM EST Sun Jan 12 2020

MAZ004>007-012>024-026-RIZ001>008-122100-
/O.CON.KBOX.WI.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-200112T2100Z/
Northern Worcester MA-Central Middlesex MA-Western Essex MA-
Eastern Essex MA-Southern Worcester MA-Western Norfolk MA-
Southeast Middlesex MA-Suffolk MA-Eastern Norfolk MA-
Northern Bristol MA-Western Plymouth MA-Eastern Plymouth MA-
Southern Bristol MA-Southern Plymouth MA-Barnstable MA-Dukes MA-
Nantucket MA-Northern Middlesex MA-Northwest Providence RI-
Southeast Providence RI-Western Kent RI-Eastern Kent RI-
Bristol RI-Washington RI-Newport RI-Block Island RI-
Including the cities of Barre, Fitchburg, Framingham, Lowell, 
Lawrence, Gloucester, Milford, Worcester, Foxborough, Norwood, 
Cambridge, Boston, Quincy, Taunton, Brockton, Plymouth, 
Fall River, New Bedford, Mattapoisett, Chatham, Falmouth, 
Provincetown, Vineyard Haven, Nantucket, Ayer, Foster, 
Smithfield, Providence, Coventry, West Greenwich, East Greenwich,
Warwick, West Warwick, Bristol, Narragansett, Westerly, Newport, 
and New Shoreham
1201 PM EST Sun Jan 12 2020

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM EST THIS
AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...West winds 15 to 20 mph with gusts up to 45 mph.

* WHERE...Portions of central and eastern Massachusetts and Rhode
  Island.

* WHEN...Until 4 PM EST this afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. 
  Tree limbs could be blown down and a few power outages may 
  result.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high
profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects.

&&

$$

CTZ002>004-MAZ002-003-008>011-122100-
/O.CON.KBOX.WI.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-200112T2100Z/
Hartford CT-Tolland CT-Windham CT-Western Franklin MA-
Eastern Franklin MA-Western Hampshire MA-Western Hampden MA-
Eastern Hampshire MA-Eastern Hampden MA-
Including the cities of Hartford, Windsor Locks, Union, Vernon, 
Putnam, Willimantic, Charlemont, Greenfield, Orange, 
Chesterfield, Blandford, Amherst, Northampton, and Springfield
1201 PM EST Sun Jan 12 2020

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM EST THIS
AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...West winds 15 to 20 mph with gusts up to 45 mph.

* WHERE...In Connecticut, Tolland, Hartford and Windham Counties.
  In Massachusetts, Hampden, Hampshire, and Franklin Counties.

* WHEN...Until 4 PM EST this afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. 
  Tree limbs could be blown down and a few power outages may 
  result.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high
profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects.

&&

$$

For more information from the National Weather Service visit
https://weather.gov/box
981 
WWUS71 KBOX 122052
NPWBOX

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA
352 PM EST Sun Jan 12 2020

CTZ002>004-MAZ002>024-026-RIZ001>008-122200-
/O.CAN.KBOX.WI.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-200112T2100Z/
Hartford CT-Tolland CT-Windham CT-Western Franklin MA-
Eastern Franklin MA-Northern Worcester MA-Central Middlesex MA-
Western Essex MA-Eastern Essex MA-Western Hampshire MA-
Western Hampden MA-Eastern Hampshire MA-Eastern Hampden MA-
Southern Worcester MA-Western Norfolk MA-Southeast Middlesex MA-
Suffolk MA-Eastern Norfolk MA-Northern Bristol MA-
Western Plymouth MA-Eastern Plymouth MA-Southern Bristol MA-
Southern Plymouth MA-Barnstable MA-Dukes MA-Nantucket MA-
Northern Middlesex MA-Northwest Providence RI-
Southeast Providence RI-Western Kent RI-Eastern Kent RI-
Bristol RI-Washington RI-Newport RI-Block Island RI-
Including the cities of Hartford, Windsor Locks, Union, Vernon, 
Putnam, Willimantic, Charlemont, Greenfield, Orange, Barre, 
Fitchburg, Framingham, Lowell, Lawrence, Gloucester, 
Chesterfield, Blandford, Amherst, Northampton, Springfield, 
Milford, Worcester, Foxborough, Norwood, Cambridge, Boston, 
Quincy, Taunton, Brockton, Plymouth, Fall River, New Bedford, 
Mattapoisett, Chatham, Falmouth, Provincetown, Vineyard Haven, 
Nantucket, Ayer, Foster, Smithfield, Providence, Coventry, 
West Greenwich, East Greenwich, Warwick, West Warwick, Bristol, 
Narragansett, Westerly, Newport, and New Shoreham
352 PM EST Sun Jan 12 2020

...WIND ADVISORY IS CANCELLED...

Wind gusts will continue to diminish this evening. Wind gusts are
no longer expected to exceed 40 mph into this evening.

$$

For more information from the National Weather Service visit
https://weather.gov/box

The office that day

Everything else NWS Boston/Norton, MA issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jan 11, 3:42 AM ESTGale WarningBOX35 hr
Jan 11, 3:42 AM ESTSmall Craft AdvisoryBOX9 hr

Nearby

Wind Advisories in Massachusetts, 2020Wind Advisories in Rhode Island, 2020Wind Advisories in Connecticut, 2020Every wind advisory in 2020

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.