Alert archive / Alaska / Gale Warnings in 2020
Gale Warning 608, NWS Anchorage, AK
NWS Anchorage, AK issued this gale warning at Nov 20, 2020, 3:52 AM AKST. It was in force for 48 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Nov 20, 2020, 3:52 AM AKST (12:52 UTC)
- Expired
- Nov 22, 2020, 3:58 AM AKST
- In force
- 48 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Anchorage, AK
The text
As transmitted.
755 FZAK61 PAFC 201252 OFFAER Offshore Waters Forecast National Weather Service Anchorage AK 352 AM AKST Fri Nov 20 2020 Offshore waters forecast for the Gulf of Alaska West of 144W Wind forecasts reflect the predominant speed and direction expected. Sea forecasts represent an average of the highest one-third of the combined wind wave and swell height. PKZ399-210130- 352 AM AKST Fri Nov 20 2020 .SYNOPSIS FOR THE WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA... A 982 mb low develops at 57N 151W this evening and moves over Shelikof Strait at 976 mb Saturday morning. The low then moves in land and dissipates by Sunday morning. $$ PKZ351-210130- Gulf of Alaska Offshore North of 57N and West of 144W- 352 AM AKST Fri Nov 20 2020 ...STORM WARNING TONIGHT... .TODAY...SE wind 15 to 30 kt increasing to 30 to 45 kt in the afternoon. Seas 7 to 12 ft. Rain. .TONIGHT...SE wind 35 to 50 kt. Seas 14 to 22 ft. Rain. .SAT...SW wind 15 to 30 kt. Seas 17 to 21 ft. .SAT NIGHT...SW wind 10 to 25 kt. Seas 11 to 16 ft. .SUN...S wind 25 to 40 kt. Seas 9 to 13 ft. .MON...NE wind 25 to 40 kt. Seas 14 to 22 ft. .TUE...W wind 15 to 30 kt. Seas 10 to 18 ft. $$ PKZ352-210130- Gulf of Alaska Offshore South of 57N North of 55N and West of 144W- 352 AM AKST Fri Nov 20 2020 ...GALE WARNING THROUGH TONIGHT... .TODAY...SE to SW 15 to 25 kt early becoming SE wind 30 to 45 kt. Seas building to 10 to 18 ft. Rain. .TONIGHT...S wind 30 to 45 kt becoming SW 20 to 30 kt after midnight. Seas 14 to 19 ft. Rain. .SAT...SW wind 20 to 30 kt. Seas 15 to 18 ft. .SAT NIGHT...SW wind 10 to 25 kt. Seas 12 to 15 ft. .SUN...S wind 25 to 40 kt. Seas 10 to 16 ft. .MON...W wind 30 to 45 kt. Seas 15 to 30 ft. .TUE...W wind 20 to 35 kt. Seas 14 to 22 ft. $$
6 follow-up statements
888 FZAK61 PAFC 210025 OFFAER Offshore Waters Forecast National Weather Service Anchorage AK 325 PM AKST Fri Nov 20 2020 Offshore waters forecast for the Gulf of Alaska West of 144W Wind forecasts reflect the predominant speed and direction expected. Sea forecasts represent an average of the highest one-third of the combined wind wave and swell height. PKZ399-211315- 325 PM AKST Fri Nov 20 2020 .SYNOPSIS FOR THE WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA... A 984 mb low develops at 56N 149W this evening and moves over Shelikof Strait at 976 mb Sat morning. The low then moves inland and dissipates by Sun morning. $$ PKZ351-211315- Gulf of Alaska Offshore North of 57N and West of 144W- 325 PM AKST Fri Nov 20 2020 ...STORM WARNING TONIGHT... .TONIGHT...SE wind 35 to 50 kt. Seas 12 to 20 ft building to 19 to 24 ft after midnight. Rain. .SAT...SW wind 15 to 30 kt. Seas 17 to 20 ft. .SAT NIGHT...SW wind 10 to 25 kt. Seas 10 to 15 ft. .SUN...S wind 10 to 25 kt. Seas 7 to 11 ft. .SUN NIGHT...SE wind 30 to 45 kt. Seas 10 to 18 ft. .MON...NE wind 35 to 50 kt. Seas 17 to 23 ft. .TUE THROUGH WED...SW wind 15 to 30 kt. Seas 10 to 18 ft. $$ PKZ352-211315- Gulf of Alaska Offshore South of 57N North of 55N and West of 144W- 325 PM AKST Fri Nov 20 2020 ...GALE WARNING TONIGHT... .TONIGHT...SW wind 30 to 45 kt. Seas 14 to 20 ft. Rain. .SAT...SW wind 15 to 30 kt. Seas 16 ft. .SAT NIGHT...SW wind 10 to 25 kt. Seas 10 to 13 ft. .SUN...S wind 15 to 30 kt. Seas 8 to 13 ft. .SUN NIGHT...SE wind 25 to 40 kt. Seas 10 to 18 ft. .MON...W wind 40 to 55 kt. Seas 18 to 33 ft. .TUE...W wind 20 to 35 kt. Seas 14 to 22 ft. .WED...SW wind 30 kt. Seas 10 to 18 ft. $$
772 FZAK61 PAFC 211251 OFFAER Offshore Waters Forecast National Weather Service Anchorage AK 351 AM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 Offshore waters forecast for the Gulf of Alaska West of 144W Wind forecasts reflect the predominant speed and direction expected. Sea forecasts represent an average of the highest one-third of the combined wind wave and swell height. PKZ399-220145- 351 AM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 .SYNOPSIS FOR THE WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA...A 974 mb low at 59N 152W this morning will move inland Sunday morning. A 957 mb low will move to 56N 152W Monday morning. $$ PKZ351-220145- Gulf of Alaska Offshore North of 57N and West of 144W- 351 AM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 ...GALE WARNING TODAY... .TODAY...SW wind 20 to 35 kt...except E 45 kt N of 58N early. Seas 14 to 21 ft. .TONIGHT...SW wind 10 to 20 kt. Seas 12 ft. .SUN...SW wind 15 kt becoming SE in the afternoon. Seas 9 ft. .SUN NIGHT...SE wind 35 to 50 kt. Seas 10 to 18 ft. .MON...NE wind 35 to 50 kt. Seas 16 to 27 ft. .TUE...W wind 20 to 35 kt. Seas 13 to 21 ft. .WED...SW wind 20 to 30 kt. Seas 9 to 14 ft. $$ PKZ352-220145- Gulf of Alaska Offshore South of 57N North of 55N and West of 144W- 351 AM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 ...GALE WARNING TODAY... .TODAY...SW wind 20 to 35 kt. Seas 14 to 17 ft. .TONIGHT...SW wind 10 to 20 kt. Seas 12 ft. .SUN...SE wind 15 to 30 kt. Seas 11 ft. .SUN NIGHT...SE wind 25 to 40 kt. Seas 10 to 17 ft. .MON...W wind 40 to 55 kt. Seas 18 to 33 ft. .TUE...W wind 25 to 40 kt. Seas 13 to 28 ft. .WED...SW wind 20 to 30 kt. Seas 12 to 20 ft. $$
566 FZAK61 PAFC 220023 OFFAER Offshore Waters Forecast National Weather Service Anchorage AK 323 PM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 Offshore waters forecast for the Gulf of Alaska West of 144W Wind forecasts reflect the predominant speed and direction expected. Sea forecasts represent an average of the highest one-third of the combined wind wave and swell height. PKZ399-221500- 323 PM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 .SYNOPSIS FOR THE WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA... A 982 mb low at 60N 152W moves inland and dissipates Sat night. A front enters the southwest Gulf Sun afternoon. The associated low moves to 56N 155W at 958 mb by Mon morning and then moves to 60N 147W at 962 mb by Mon morning. $$ PKZ351-221500- Gulf of Alaska Offshore North of 57N and West of 144W- 323 PM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 ...STORM WARNING SUNDAY NIGHT... .TONIGHT...SW wind 10 to 20 kt. Seas 10 to 14 ft. .SUN...SW wind 15 kt becoming S in the afternoon. Seas 9 ft. .SUN NIGHT...SE wind 25 to 40 kt increasing to 35 to 50 kt after midnight. Seas 10 to 18 ft. Rain. .MON...SE wind 35 to 50 kt. Seas 16 to 25 ft. .MON NIGHT...N wind 25 to 40 kt. Seas 18 to 27 ft. .TUE...W wind 20 to 35 kt. Seas 12 to 20 ft. .WED THROUGH THU...SW wind 20 to 30 kt. Seas 9 to 17 ft. $$ PKZ352-221500- Gulf of Alaska Offshore South of 57N North of 55N and West of 144W- 323 PM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 ...GALE WARNING SUNDAY AND SUNDAY NIGHT... .TONIGHT...W wind 15 kt. Seas 12 ft. .SUN...SW wind up to 15 kt becoming SE 20 to 35 kt in the afternoon. Seas 8 to 11 ft. .SUN NIGHT...SE wind 30 to 45 kt. Seas 10 to 18 ft. Rain. .MON...SW wind 40 to 55 kt. Seas 20 to 35 ft. .MON NIGHT...NW wind 40 to 55 kt. Seas 23 to 38 ft. .TUE...W wind 20 to 35 kt. Seas 13 to 28 ft. .WED THROUGH THU...SW wind 20 to 30 kt. Seas 12 to 20 ft. $$
195 FZAK61 PAFC 220128 CCA OFFAER Offshore Waters Forecast...CORRECTED National Weather Service Anchorage AK 428 PM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 Corrected a typographical error on the Synopsis Offshore waters forecast for the Gulf of Alaska West of 144W Wind forecasts reflect the predominant speed and direction expected. Sea forecasts represent an average of the highest one-third of the combined wind wave and swell height. PKZ399-221500- 428 PM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 .SYNOPSIS FOR THE WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA... A 982 mb low at 60N 152W moves inland and dissipates Sat night. A front enters the southwest Gulf Sun afternoon. The associated low moves to 56N 155W at 958 mb by Mon morning and then moves to 56N 147W at 962 mb by Mon morning. $$ PKZ351-221500- Gulf of Alaska Offshore North of 57N and West of 144W- 428 PM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 ...STORM WARNING SUNDAY NIGHT... .TONIGHT...SW wind 10 to 20 kt. Seas 10 to 14 ft. .SUN...SW wind 15 kt becoming S in the afternoon. Seas 9 ft. .SUN NIGHT...SE wind 25 to 40 kt increasing to 35 to 50 kt after midnight. Seas 10 to 18 ft. Rain. .MON...SE wind 35 to 50 kt. Seas 16 to 25 ft. .MON NIGHT...N wind 25 to 40 kt. Seas 18 to 27 ft. .TUE...W wind 20 to 35 kt. Seas 12 to 20 ft. .WED THROUGH THU...SW wind 20 to 30 kt. Seas 9 to 17 ft. $$ PKZ352-221500- Gulf of Alaska Offshore South of 57N North of 55N and West of 144W- 428 PM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 ...GALE WARNING SUNDAY AND SUNDAY NIGHT... .TONIGHT...W wind 15 kt. Seas 12 ft. .SUN...SW wind up to 15 kt becoming SE 20 to 35 kt in the afternoon. Seas 8 to 11 ft. .SUN NIGHT...SE wind 30 to 45 kt. Seas 10 to 18 ft. Rain. .MON...SW wind 40 to 55 kt. Seas 20 to 35 ft. .MON NIGHT...NW wind 40 to 55 kt. Seas 23 to 38 ft. .TUE...W wind 20 to 35 kt. Seas 13 to 28 ft. .WED THROUGH THU...SW wind 20 to 30 kt. Seas 12 to 20 ft. $$
118 FZAK61 PAFC 220134 CCB OFFAER Offshore Waters Forecast...CORRECTED National Weather Service Anchorage AK 434 PM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 Corrected a typographical error on the Synopsis Offshore waters forecast for the Gulf of Alaska West of 144W Wind forecasts reflect the predominant speed and direction expected. Sea forecasts represent an average of the highest one-third of the combined wind wave and swell height. PKZ399-221500- 434 PM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 .SYNOPSIS FOR THE WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA... A 982 mb low at 60N 152W moves inland and dissipates Sat night. A front enters the southwest Gulf Sun afternoon. The associated low moves to 56N 155W at 958 mb by Mon morning and then moves to 56N 147W at 962 mb by Mon afternoon. $$ PKZ351-221500- Gulf of Alaska Offshore North of 57N and West of 144W- 434 PM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 ...STORM WARNING SUNDAY NIGHT... .TONIGHT...SW wind 10 to 20 kt. Seas 10 to 14 ft. .SUN...SW wind 15 kt becoming S in the afternoon. Seas 9 ft. .SUN NIGHT...SE wind 25 to 40 kt increasing to 35 to 50 kt after midnight. Seas 10 to 18 ft. Rain. .MON...SE wind 35 to 50 kt. Seas 16 to 25 ft. .MON NIGHT...N wind 25 to 40 kt. Seas 18 to 27 ft. .TUE...W wind 20 to 35 kt. Seas 12 to 20 ft. .WED THROUGH THU...SW wind 20 to 30 kt. Seas 9 to 17 ft. $$ PKZ352-221500- Gulf of Alaska Offshore South of 57N North of 55N and West of 144W- 434 PM AKST Sat Nov 21 2020 ...GALE WARNING SUNDAY AND SUNDAY NIGHT... .TONIGHT...W wind 15 kt. Seas 12 ft. .SUN...SW wind up to 15 kt becoming SE 20 to 35 kt in the afternoon. Seas 8 to 11 ft. .SUN NIGHT...SE wind 30 to 45 kt. Seas 10 to 18 ft. Rain. .MON...SW wind 40 to 55 kt. Seas 20 to 35 ft. .MON NIGHT...NW wind 40 to 55 kt. Seas 23 to 38 ft. .TUE...W wind 20 to 35 kt. Seas 13 to 28 ft. .WED THROUGH THU...SW wind 20 to 30 kt. Seas 12 to 20 ft. $$
866 FZAK61 PAFC 221258 OFFAER Offshore Waters Forecast National Weather Service Anchorage AK 358 AM AKST Sun Nov 22 2020 Offshore waters forecast for the Gulf of Alaska West of 144W Wind forecasts reflect the predominant speed and direction expected. Sea forecasts represent an average of the highest one-third of the combined wind wave and swell height. PKZ399-230130- 358 AM AKST Sun Nov 22 2020 .SYNOPSIS FOR THE WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA...A 956 mb low will enter the western Gulf near 56N 151W Monday morning. The low then moves to 54N 138W at 981 mb Tuesday morning. $$ PKZ351-230130- Gulf of Alaska Offshore North of 57N and West of 144W- 358 AM AKST Sun Nov 22 2020 ...STORM WARNING TONIGHT AND MONDAY... .TODAY...SW wind 15 kt becoming S in the afternoon. Seas 9 ft. .TONIGHT...SE wind 25 to 40 kt increasing to 35 to 50 kt after midnight. Seas 10 to 18 ft. Rain. .MON...SE wind 35 to 50 kt becoming E to NE 20 to 30 kt in the afternoon. Seas 16 to 27 ft. Rain showers. .MON NIGHT...N wind 25 to 40 kt. Seas 18 to 28 ft. .TUE...W wind 20 to 35 kt. Seas 11 to 19 ft. .WED THROUGH THU...SW wind 15 to 30 kt. Seas 9 to 17 ft. $$ PKZ352-230130- Gulf of Alaska Offshore South of 57N North of 55N and West of 144W- 358 AM AKST Sun Nov 22 2020 ...STORM WARNING MONDAY... .TODAY...SW wind up to 15 kt becoming SE 20 to 35 kt in the afternoon. Seas 10 ft. Rain. .TONIGHT...SE wind 30 to 45 kt. Seas 11 to 19 ft. Rain. .MON...S to SE wind 35 to 50 kt becoming W to NW in the afternoon. Seas 18 to 33 ft building to 24 to 37 ft in the afternoon. Rain. .MON NIGHT...NW wind 35 to 50 kt. Seas 22 to 36 ft. .TUE...SW wind 20 to 35 kt. Seas 16 to 24 ft. .WED THROUGH THU...SW wind 20 to 35 kt. Seas 12 to 20 ft. $$
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this gale warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Anchorage, AK wrote its last area forecast discussion before this gale warning went out at Nov 19, 4:26 PM AKST, 11 hours 26 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Nov 19, 4:26 PM AKST, 11 hours 26 minutes before
Southcentral and Southwest Alaska Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Anchorage AK 426 PM AKST Thu Nov 19 2020 .ANALYSIS AND UPPER LEVELS... As discussed yesterday, a low developed south of Attu and has now moved into the southern Bering Sea as a double-wrapped occlusion. This low has an impressive amount of cold air aloft feeding into it as evidenced by the cold-air cumulus clouds to the west and south of it. The parent low has retrograded into eastern Russia, but there is still a front that extends out of it over the Gulf of Anadyr to Southwest Mainland Alaska and in the Gulf of Alaska. This front is weakening as it moves into the ridge over the interior of the state, but is still strong enough to bring some light snowfall to the Kuskokwim Delta and Bristol Bay. && .MODEL DISCUSSION... Models are still struggling with the development and movement of the lows, especially Friday night through Sunday. The large low in the Bering Sea today is handled well until Friday night, but as long as the NAM model is discarded after that time frame in the Bering Sea region, there remains good enough model agreement for a reasonable forecast solution. The biggest issue is in the western Gulf of Alaska beginning Friday evening where a strong front is moving into that area with the potential for low to develop along this front. In this case, the GFS is being disregarded as it is the only one that spins up a strong low off this front. The remaining models have smaller lows develop along the front, but as long as the focus remains on the front, and not the potential individual lows, a forecast can be put together with reasonable confidence. The best news with the 12Z and 18Z model runs is that they are converging on a solution for early next week. This would develop a strong low south of the Alaska Peninsula and track it across the southern Gulf of Alaska but not move it to the north Gulf coast. This is slowly increasing confidence for the forecast for early next week. && .AVIATION... PANC...VFR conditions and light winds will persist. The mid-level clouds moving into the region should help keep fog out of the airport through Friday. && .SHORT TERM FORECAST SOUTHCENTRAL ALASKA (Days 1 through 3/Today through Saturday night)... The majority of the energy associated with an upper level trough and surface cold front continue to dissipate this afternoon. Snow has transitioned to rain on Kodiak Island, with a rain/snow mix across Prince William Sound. As we have been tracking, our next area of focus is with the next upper level trough and surface front moving into the western Bering. Formation of a triple point low along the left exit region of the jet streak is possible, however, models greatly disagree if a low center eventually forms at the surface, including where and when. What models are capturing very well is the placement of the surface front. Due to this, the forecast was created utilizing this feature. Expect a significant area of gale force winds entering the western Gulf tomorrow morning and propagating towards the northern Gulf Coast Saturday morning. Expect storm force winds across the Barren Islands Friday night and across the northern Gulf Coast Saturday morning as a barrier jet sets up. Precipitation will follow this front along the same timeframe with a wintry mix anticipated for coastal regions and higher elevations. Due to downsloping, the Anchorage Bowl looks to largely remain dry with this system. Expect an increase in local effect winds for the Turnagain Arm and Matanuska Valley, as the pressure gradient tightens between high pressure over the mainland and low pressure in the Gulf. These winds should be strongest Saturday morning before diminishing Saturday night. && .SHORT TERM FORECAST SOUTHWEST ALASKA (Days 1 and 2)... Snow showers across interior Southwest Alaska will continue to diminish overnight as remnants of a front weakens. The pattern quickly shifts overnight into Friday morning as a low pressure system moves into the eastern Bering. This frontal system will bring strong winds and gusts to the Southwest coast and Alaska Peninsula persisting through Friday evening. Expect widespread snow to move over the coast starting tonight, spreading farther inland throughout the day on Friday. Colder temperatures moving in behind the front will allow for a chance of snow or mixed precipitation along the Alaska Peninsula and Bristol Bay coastal areas heading into the weekend. && .SHORT TERM FORECAST BERING SEA/ALEUTIANS (Days 1 and 2)... A storm force low positioned between Dutch Harbor and the Pribilofs this afternoon will keep an over the Bering and Aleutians through the next few days. Winds will weaken to gale force along the occluded front as it approaches the Southwest coast overnight tonight into Friday. The strong winds will continue throughout the day on Friday on the back side of this low as cold air continues to be pulled into the region. By Saturday morning, models over the eastern Bering and south of the Alaska Peninsula continue to disagree on whether strong winds will continue. Winds are forecasted to stay at small craft advisory level or below in this package. However, winds could increase if the outlying GFS solution wins out, which has an intensifying closed low at the base of the trough over the western Gulf on Saturday. && .MARINE (Days 3 through 5: Sunday through Tuesday)... Gulf of Alaska: A lot of uncertainty remains during the 3-5 day timeframe. There is moderate confidence a front associated with a strong low enters the western Gulf Sunday afternoon. There is potential for storm force winds over the Gulf waters beginning Sunday night and lasting through Tuesday as the low tracks eastward into the Gulf. There is still considerable uncertainty with the track and strength of this low. Widespread gales are likely during this time, however will need to continue to assess regarding the timing and location of storm force winds. Bering Sea: Gale force winds are likely over the northern Bering waters Sunday. There is potential for a storm force low to enter the western Bering Sunday night. This low will spread gale force winds across the central and eastern Bering through Tuesday. Model solutions continue to struggle with strength and timing, however there is high confidence in an active weather pattern over the Bering through Tuesday. && .LONG TERM FORECAST (Days 4 through 7...Monday through Thursday)... Beginning Monday, an upper level ridge over the central Bering is flanked by two upper level lows - one over the Kamchatka Peninsula and the other centered over the Gulf. As the Kamchatka low moves eastward Monday into Tuesday, a more amplified pattern will develop. Strong northwesterly flow is still possible over the Alaska Peninsula late Monday into Tuesday as the pressure gradient strengthens considerably. Meanwhile, ample cold air filling in on the backside of the Kamchatka low will enhance winds across the western Bering Tuesday. Model solutions (GFS/EC) suggest that a second low develops over the central Aleutians late Tuesday into Wednesday and lifts northward over the Bristol Bay area. As we typically see with this type of pattern, there is potential for a triple point low to form somewhere in the vicinity of Kodiak Island late Wednesday. Depending on the track of this triple point low, the middle of next week may present a more active weather pattern across Southcentral. && .AFC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... PUBLIC...NONE. MARINE...Storm 131 132 150 413 414. Gales 120 125 132 138 139 155 160 165 170-175 179-181 185 351 352 412. FIRE WEATHER...NONE. && SYNOPSIS AND MODEL DISCUSSION...EZ SOUTHCENTRAL ALASKA...CK SOUTHWEST ALASKA/BERING SEA/ALEUTIANS...AH MARINE/LONG TERM...KO
The office that day
Everything else NWS Anchorage, AK issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nov 19, 3:02 PM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 49 hr | |
| Nov 19, 3:02 PM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 49 hr | |
| Nov 19, 3:02 PM AKST | Storm Warning | AFC | 49 hr | |
| Nov 19, 7:14 PM AKST | Storm Warning | AFC | 20 hr | |
| Nov 19, 7:41 PM AKST | Storm Warning | AFC | 4 days | |
| Nov 19, 7:43 PM AKST | Storm Warning | AFC | 32 hr | |
| Nov 20, 3:41 AM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 36 hr | |
| Nov 20, 3:41 AM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 48 hr | |
| Nov 20, 4:00 AM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 3 days | |
| Nov 20, 4:00 AM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 36 hr |
Nearby
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text.