Wind Advisory 1, NWS Quad Cities, IA

Benton County, IA, Buchanan County, IA, Cedar County, IA, Clinton County, IA, Delaware County, IA, Dubuque County, IA, Iowa County, IA, Jackson County, IA, Johnson County, IA, Jones County, IA, Keokuk County, IA, Linn County, IA, Louisa County, IA, Muscatine County, IA, Scott County, IA, Washington County, IA, Bureau County, IL, Carroll County, IL, Henry County, IL, Jo Daviess County, IL, Mercer County, IL, Putnam County, IL, Rock Island County, IL, Stephenson County, IL, Whiteside County, IL

889 
WWUS73 KDVN 311134
NPWDVN

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA IL
634 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...Strong Winds Today...

.A strong cold front moving through the region will result in
strong winds from the southwest this morning, which will change to
the northwest by afternoon.

IAZ042-053-054-065-066-ILZ001-007-009-311945-
/O.CAN.KDVN.HW.W.0001.000000T0000Z-180331T1300Z/
/O.EXA.KDVN.WI.Y.0001.180331T1200Z-180331T2100Z/
Dubuque-Jones-Jackson-Cedar-Clinton-Jo Daviess-Carroll-Whiteside-
Including the cities of Dubuque, Anamosa, Maquoketa, Tipton, 
Clinton, Galena, Mount Carroll, and Sterling
634 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM CDT THIS AFTERNOON...
...HIGH WIND WARNING IS CANCELLED...

The National Weather Service in Quad Cities has issued a Wind
Advisory, which is in effect until 4 PM CDT this afternoon. The
High Wind Warning has been cancelled.

* Winds...South 25 to 30 mph with gusts up to 45 mph. Winds
  becoming northwest by afternoon.

* Timing...Through 4 pm.

* Impacts...Strong winds will create hazardous travel conditions.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Advisory means that winds of 30 mph or greater are
expected, which can make driving difficult, especially for high
profile vehicles.  Use extra caution if you are traveling.

&&

$$

IAZ068-311245-
/O.CAN.KDVN.HW.W.0001.000000T0000Z-180331T1300Z/
Scott-
Including the cities of Davenport and Bettendorf
634 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...HIGH WIND WARNING IS CANCELLED...

The National Weather Service in Quad Cities has cancelled the
High Wind Warning. The storm system moving through the area has
weekended and high winds are no longer expected. Wind gusts of 35
mph are still possible this morning. 

$$

IAZ040-041-051-052-311945-
/O.CON.KDVN.WI.Y.0001.000000T0000Z-180331T2100Z/
Buchanan-Delaware-Benton-Linn-
Including the cities of Independence, Manchester, Vinton, 
and Cedar Rapids
634 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM CDT THIS
AFTERNOON...

* Winds...West 25 to 30 mph with gusts up to 45 mph.

* Timing...Through 4 pm.

* Impacts...Strong winds will create hazardous travel conditions.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Advisory means that winds of 30 mph or greater are
expected, which can make driving difficult, especially for high
profile vehicles. Use extra caution if you are traveling.

&&

$$

ILZ002-311945-
/O.CON.KDVN.WI.Y.0001.180331T1200Z-180331T2100Z/
Stephenson-
Including the city of Freeport
634 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM CDT THIS
AFTERNOON...

* Winds...Southwest 25 to 30 mph with gusts up to 45 mph. Winds
  becoming northwest in the afternoon

* Timing...through 4 pm.

* Impacts...Strong winds will create hazardous travel conditions.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Advisory means that winds of 30 mph or greater are
expected, which can make driving difficult, especially for high
profile vehicles. Use extra caution if you are traveling.

&&

$$

Sheets

308 
WWUS73 KDVN 311307
NPWDVN

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA IL
807 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...Strong Winds Today...

.A strong cold front moving through the region will result in
strong winds from the southwest this morning, which will change
to the northwest by afternoon.

IAZ063-064-067-068-076>078-ILZ015>018-024-312100-
/O.EXA.KDVN.WI.Y.0001.000000T0000Z-180331T2100Z/
Iowa-Johnson-Muscatine-Scott-Keokuk-Washington-Louisa-Rock Island-
Henry IL-Bureau-Putnam-Mercer-
Including the cities of Marengo, Iowa City, Muscatine, Davenport,
Bettendorf, Sigourney, Washington, Wapello, Moline, Rock Island, 
Geneseo, Princeton, Hennepin, and Aledo
807 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM CDT THIS AFTERNOON...

The National Weather Service in Quad Cities has issued a Wind
Advisory, which is in effect until 4 PM CDT this afternoon.

* Winds...West 20 to 30 mph with gusts up to 45 mph.

* Timing...Through 4 pm.

* Impacts...Strong winds will create hazardous travel conditions.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Advisory means that winds of 30 mph or greater are
expected, which can make driving difficult, especially for high
profile vehicles. Use extra caution if you are traveling.

&&

$$

IAZ040-041-051-052-312100-
/O.CON.KDVN.WI.Y.0001.000000T0000Z-180331T2100Z/
Buchanan-Delaware-Benton-Linn-
Including the cities of Independence, Manchester, Vinton, 
and Cedar Rapids
807 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM CDT THIS
AFTERNOON...

* Winds...West 20 to 30 mph with gusts up to 50 mph.

* Timing...Through 4 pm.

* Impacts...Strong winds will create hazardous travel conditions.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Advisory means that winds of 30 mph or greater are
expected, which can make driving difficult, especially for high
profile vehicles. Use extra caution if you are traveling.

&&

$$

IAZ042-053-054-065-066-ILZ001-002-007-009-312100-
/O.CON.KDVN.WI.Y.0001.000000T0000Z-180331T2100Z/
Dubuque-Jones-Jackson-Cedar-Clinton-Jo Daviess-Stephenson-Carroll-
Whiteside-
Including the cities of Dubuque, Anamosa, Maquoketa, Tipton, 
Clinton, Galena, Freeport, Mount Carroll, and Sterling
807 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM CDT THIS
AFTERNOON...

* Winds...West 20 to 30 mph with gusts up to 50 mph.

* Timing...Through 4 pm.

* Impacts...Strong winds will create hazardous travel conditions.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Advisory means that winds of 30 mph or greater are
expected, which can make driving difficult, especially for high
profile vehicles.  Use extra caution if you are traveling.

&&

$$

664 
WWUS73 KDVN 311728
NPWDVN

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA IL
1228 PM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...Strong Winds Today...

.A strong cold front moving through the region will result in
a strong west to northwest wind this afternoon.

IAZ040-041-051-052-312100-
/O.CON.KDVN.WI.Y.0001.000000T0000Z-180331T2100Z/
Buchanan-Delaware-Benton-Linn-
Including the cities of Independence, Manchester, Vinton, 
and Cedar Rapids
1228 PM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM CDT THIS
AFTERNOON...

* Winds...Northwest 25 to 35 mph with gusts around 45 mph.

* Timing...Through 4 pm.

* Impacts...Strong winds will create hazardous travel conditions.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Advisory means that winds of 30 mph or greater are
expected, which can make driving difficult, especially for high
profile vehicles. Use extra caution if you are traveling.

&&

$$

IAZ042-053-054-063>068-076>078-ILZ001-002-007-009-015>018-024-
312100-
/O.CON.KDVN.WI.Y.0001.000000T0000Z-180331T2100Z/
Dubuque-Jones-Jackson-Iowa-Johnson-Cedar-Clinton-Muscatine-Scott-
Keokuk-Washington-Louisa-Jo Daviess-Stephenson-Carroll-Whiteside-
Rock Island-Henry IL-Bureau-Putnam-Mercer-
Including the cities of Dubuque, Anamosa, Maquoketa, Marengo, 
Iowa City, Tipton, Clinton, Muscatine, Davenport, Bettendorf, 
Sigourney, Washington, Wapello, Galena, Freeport, Mount Carroll, 
Sterling, Moline, Rock Island, Geneseo, Princeton, Hennepin, 
and Aledo
1228 PM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM CDT THIS
AFTERNOON...

* Winds...Northwest 25 to 35 mph with gusts around 45 mph.

* Timing...Through 4 pm.

* Impacts...Strong winds will create hazardous travel conditions.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Advisory means that winds of 30 mph or greater are
expected, which can make driving difficult, especially for high
profile vehicles.  Use extra caution if you are traveling.

&&

$$
RP Kinney

274 
WWUS73 KDVN 312050
NPWDVN

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA IL
350 PM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...Winds Diminishing Late This Afternoon...

.A strong northwest wind will continue to diminish through early
evening. Wind gusts around 35 mph will persist through 6 pm.

IAZ040-041-051-052-312200-
/O.EXP.KDVN.WI.Y.0001.000000T0000Z-180331T2100Z/
Buchanan-Delaware-Benton-Linn-
Including the cities of Independence, Manchester, Vinton, 
and Cedar Rapids
350 PM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...WIND ADVISORY WILL EXPIRE AT 4 PM CDT THIS AFTERNOON...

A northwest wind has dropped below advisory criteria this
afternoon, and will continue to diminish through early evening.

$$

IAZ042-053-054-063>068-076>078-ILZ001-002-007-009-015>018-024-
312200-
/O.EXP.KDVN.WI.Y.0001.000000T0000Z-180331T2100Z/
Dubuque-Jones-Jackson-Iowa-Johnson-Cedar-Clinton-Muscatine-Scott-
Keokuk-Washington-Louisa-Jo Daviess-Stephenson-Carroll-Whiteside-
Rock Island-Henry IL-Bureau-Putnam-Mercer-
Including the cities of Dubuque, Anamosa, Maquoketa, Marengo, 
Iowa City, Tipton, Clinton, Muscatine, Davenport, Bettendorf, 
Sigourney, Washington, Wapello, Galena, Freeport, Mount Carroll, 
Sterling, Moline, Rock Island, Geneseo, Princeton, Hennepin, 
and Aledo
350 PM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

...WIND ADVISORY WILL EXPIRE AT 4 PM CDT THIS AFTERNOON...

A northwest wind has dropped below advisory criteria this
afternoon, and will continue to diminish through early evening.

$$

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA IL
606 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

.UPDATE...
Issued at 554 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

Strong convection associated with a mid level mesoscale feature
pushing through east central IA was apparently mixing down the 40
to 50kt low level jet winds just off the surface, resulting in 30
to 40 mph winds with gusts over 50 mph around 5 am along and
ahead of this feature. Have thus issued a short high wind warning
centered on this feature as it moves into northwest IL over the
next hour or so.

As of 6 am, winds have since diminished, but remain at or just
below advisory criteria over much of eastern IA. With pressure
falls over the area and the front approaching, winds will likely
increase some as the morning progresses and a wind advisory will
be replacing the high wind warning and cover much of eastern IA
and northwest IL north of highway 30 for now.

&&

.SYNOPSIS...
Issued at 345 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

Pressure falls ahead of an approaching surface low and cold front
in the plains were resulting in increasing winds and rising
temperatures early this morning. 3 am temperatures were in the
upper 30s to mid 40s with south winds sustained from 10 to 20 mph.
Elevated warm advection and strong south to southwest low level
jet winds of 40 to 50 kts were producing showers and even a few
thunderstorms over central and western IA, reaching into the
forecast area just west of the Cedar Rapids and Iowa City
corridor. So far, the lightning has been limited to the western
half Iowa, closer to more unstable mid level lapse rates. As this
feature and associated upper level shortwave approach this
morning, scattered showers will push through the region. Of
greater impact, a period of strong winds will follow the cold
frontal passage, along with steady to falling temperatures.

&&

.SHORT TERM...(Today and Tonight)
ISSUED AT 345 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

Main focus is on strong winds winds today and then bitter cold
temperatures tonight. This morning, scattered elevated showers
will push through well ahead of the surface cold front. Current
radar trends and high res models have these over east central Iowa
before 12z, pushing mainly east of the MS River and out of the
forecast area between 12z and 15z. POPS are kept highest north of
I-80, with the far south only having slight chances. The potential
for thunderstorms early this morning looks very limited as mid
levels are shown stabilizing over the next several hours.
Precipitation will be less than a tenth of an inch in most areas.

The cold front, currently extending from a low in southwest MN
into eastern NE, is expected to cross the MS River around noon.
Increasing south to soutwest surface winds ahead of the front will
likely reach 20 to 30 mph ahead of the front, then a surge of
northwest winds from 25 to 30 mph with gusts over 40 mph will
follow the front over eastern IA from late morning into early
afternoon ahead of an axis of strong pressure rises. Winds will
then diminish some by mid to late afternoon. These may reach
advisory criteria gusts up to 45 mph for an hour or two following
the frontal passage. However, based on less then favorable upper
level forcing, cloud cover limiting steep low level lapse rates,
and marginal mid and upper level subsidence signals, will hold off
on the advisory and plan on using other means to message the
strong winds. Temperatures will follow an atypical diurnal trend,
with prefrontal warming resulting in morning highs from the mid
40s north to mid 50s south, then steady to falling readings in the
afternoon.

Tonight, high pressure edges into western IA with winter-like cold
850 mb temperatures well below zero C overspreading the region.
If skies were to completely clear, this would likely result in
widespread lows in the teens. However, incoming mid and high level
moisture and a baroclinic axis poised not to far south could keep
a good deal of high cloudiness in place, especially south. Thus,
have held lows south in the lower to mid 20s, while areas north
of I-80 were kept in the teens. These lows would approach April 1
records, especially at CID and DBQ, as referenced in this
discussion's attached climate section.

.LONG TERM...(Sunday through Friday)
ISSUED AT 345 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

An active weather pattern will be seen with successive surges of
cold air. Each surge of cold air will be accompanied by strong
winds. Temperatures will average below normal.

Sunday and Sunday night
Assessment...medium confidence

The next storm system will move from the Plains into the Ohio Valley
Sunday into Sunday night. The overall track will sideswipe areas
south of a Pella, IA to Galva, IL line. Internally the models are
showing a strong signal that the atmospheric column will cool in the
precipitation area, especially for areas south of an Ottumwa, IA to
Macomb, IL line.

The model consensus has chance to likely pops south of a Pella, IA
to Galva, IL line on Sunday with the highest pops south of an
Ottumwa to Galesburg line.

As for amounts, the warm ground will initially be a problem but as
snowfall rates increase there should be accumulation on grassy and
elevated surfaces. Accumulations of 1 to 2 inches are possible south
of a Keosauqua, IA to Macomb, IL line. North of that line amounts
will quickly taper off to a dusting.

Monday and Monday night
Assessment...low to medium confidence

The next in a series of systems will move through the Midwest Monday
afternoon into Tuesday. The track is still in question which will be
important in regards to precipitation type.

The model consensus has slight chance to likely pops Monday
afternoon and chance to categorical pops Monday night.

The overall big picture has cooler and somewhat drier air at the low
levels with moisture flowing in aloft. The models appear to be a
little too dry aloft which is partially explaining the increased
risk of ice late Monday night.

Right now rain will develop Monday afternoon with it becoming a
rain/snow mix over the northwest half Monday night. Given the drier
air at lower levels there is a potential for sleet and possibly some
freezing rain.

Snowfall and ice amounts are uncertain given timing and track
differences between the models. A best guess right now is less than
an inch of snow on grassy/elevated surfaces. If ice occurs, elevated
surfaces and trees would be at risk.

Tuesday on...

Tuesday and Tuesday night
Assessment...low to medium confidence.

The storm system will continue on Tuesday and exit the area Tuesday
night. Again, the storm track will be important in regards to
precipitation type. Another round of strong winds will be seen
Tuesday afternoon and night as another strong cold front moves
through the area.

Right now the model consensus has categorical pops on Tuesday with
chance to likely pops Tuesday night with precipitation ending late
Tuesday night.

Rain is expected over the southeast half of the area with rain/snow
mixed with sleet and some freezing rain over the northwest half of
the area. The wintry mix over the northwest half of the area will
change over to all rain during the day. Tuesday night the rain will
change back to all snow across the entire area before ending.

Given the uncertainty of the storm track, it is too early to give a
reasonable estimate on potential snowfall.

Wednesday and Wednesday night
Assessment...high confidence

The model consensus has high pressure moving through the Midwest
bringing quiet and dry conditions.

Thursday and Thursday night
Assessment...low confidence

The global models bring a weak system through the area Thursday and
Thursday night but differ on the overall track of the system. As a
result of these track differences, the model consensus has slight
chance to chance pops. A rain/snow mix would change to rain on
Thursday before changing back to all snow Thursday night.

Friday
Assessment...medium confidence

Although the global models offer different opinions on what will
occur, there is a reasonably consistent signal of a seasonably
strong system moving through the area on Friday associated with
another strong cold front.

Right now the model consensus has chance pops on Friday for snow or
a rain/snow mix that changes to all rain before ending. Like the
Tuesday system, another round of strong winds will be seen behind
the cold front.

&&

.AVIATION...(For the 06Z TAFS through 06Z Saturday Night)
ISSUED AT 1126 PM CDT Fri Mar 30 2018

A strong cold front will arrive and move quickly east through the
area Saturday morning. While conditions will be mainly VFR ahead
of this front and behind it, the winds will be strong from the
south ahead of the front aloft tonight, with LLWS (50KT SOUTHWEST
WINDS AT 2200 FT AGL ) indicated at all sites from 09Z to 15Z
Saturday. Rain showers are likely during that time period as well,
but conditions should stay VFR for the most part. After the front
moves through, the LLWS will end as winds switch to northwest and
blow at 20 to 35 kts. That windy condition will last through
sunset Saturday evening.

&&

.CLIMATE...
ISSUED AT 345 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

Easter record lows...

Moline.........6 on March 25, 1894
Dubuque........5 on March 29, 1964

Record Lows for April 1...

Moline.........17 in 1899
Cedar Rapids...14 in 1926
Dubuque........17 in 1954 & previous years
Burlington.....19 in 1926

Record Cold Highs for April 1...

Moline.........27 in 1899
Dubuque........27 in 1881

&&

.DVN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
IA...High Wind Warning until 8 AM CDT this morning for Cedar-Clinton-
     Dubuque-Jackson-Jones-Scott.

     Wind Advisory until 4 PM CDT this afternoon for Benton-Buchanan-
     Delaware-Linn.

IL...High Wind Warning until 8 AM CDT this morning for Carroll-Jo
     Daviess-Whiteside.

     Wind Advisory until 4 PM CDT this afternoon for Stephenson.

MO...NONE.
&&

UPDATE...Sheets
SYNOPSIS...Sheets
SHORT TERM...Sheets
LONG TERM...08
AVIATION...Ervin
CLIMATE...Sheets

Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA IL
419 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

IAZ040>042-051>054-063>068-076>078-087>089-098-099-ILZ001-002-007-
009-015>018-024>026-034-035-MOZ009-010-010930-
Buchanan-Delaware-Dubuque-Benton-Linn-Jones-Jackson-Iowa-Johnson-
Cedar-Clinton-Muscatine-Scott-Keokuk-Washington-Louisa-Jefferson-
Henry IA-Des Moines-Van Buren-Lee-Jo Daviess-Stephenson-Carroll-
Whiteside-Rock Island-Henry IL-Bureau-Putnam-Mercer-Henderson-
Warren-Hancock-McDonough-Scotland-Clark-
419 AM CDT Sat Mar 31 2018

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of north central
Illinois...northwest Illinois...west central Illinois...east
central Iowa...northeast Iowa...southeast Iowa and northeast
Missouri.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT

A strong cold front will bring strong gusty winds as it passes
through the area today. This morning, south winds will increase
to 20 to 30 mph. Winds will then change to the northwest and
increase to 25 to 30 mph with gusts as high as 45 mph as the front
pushes through from late morning through mid afternoon.

The strong winds, low relative humidity, and dried vegetation
will combine to result in a very high threat of grass fires today.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY

A storm system will bring a risk of accumulating snow to areas south
of an Ottumwa, Iowa to Galesburg, Illinois line on Sunday.
Accumulations of 1 to 2 inches are possible on grassy and elevated
surfaces.

Monday night and Tuesday another storm system will move through the
Midwest. A wintry mix of precipitation is possible late Monday night
and Tuesday morning north of a Sigourney, Iowa to Mount Carroll,
Illinois line.

Additionally, strong winds of 20 to 35 mph are expected Tuesday into
Tuesday evening.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation will not be needed today or tonight.

Sheets/08

Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA/IL
452 AM CDT SAT MAR 31 2018

IAC031-045-097-103-105-113-139-163-311030-
Jackson-Cedar-Scott-Johnson-Jones-Muscatine-Linn-Clinton-
452 AM CDT SAT MAR 31 2018

...SHOWERS WITH VERY STRONG WINDS MOVING THROUGH EASTERN iOWA...

At 445 AM CDT, a shower was located over Lake Macbride State Park,
or 11 miles north of Iowa City, moving east at 50 mph. At 433 AM
CDT, a gust of 58 mph was measured at the Cedar Rapids airport.

Wind gusts up to 50 mph and heavy rainfall are possible with this
shower.

Locations impacted include...
Cedar Rapids, Davenport, Iowa City, Bettendorf, Maquoketa, Anamosa,
Tipton, West Branch, Durant, Mechanicsville, Stanwood, Marion,
Coralville, North Liberty, Eldridge, DeWitt, Mount Vernon, Robins,
Wilton and Lisbon.

This includes the following highways...
 Interstate 74 in Iowa between mile markers 1 and 2.
 Interstate 80 in Iowa between mile markers 240 and 301.
 Interstate 280 between mile markers 1 and 2.

LAT...LON 4231 9052 4155 9045 4162 9162 4210 9166
TIME...MOT...LOC 0945Z 265DEG 46KT 4183 9155

SHEETS

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE QUAD CITIES IA IL
455 AM CDT SAT MAR 31 2018

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0428 AM     NON-TSTM WND GST CEDAR RAPIDS ARPT       41.88N 91.71W
03/31/2018  M58 MPH          LINN               IA   ASOS

            ASOS STATION CID, CEDAR RAPIDS ARPT.

&&

GROSS