Alert archive / California / Flash Flood Warnings in 2015

Flash Flood Warning 52, NWS Reno, NV

July 21, 2015Nevada County, Sierra County, California

NWS Reno, NV issued this flash flood warning at Jul 21, 2015, 2:16 PM PDT for Nevada County, Sierra County, California. It was in force for 3 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: Jul 21, 2015, 2:16 PM PDT (21:16 UTC)
Expired: Jul 21, 2015, 5:15 PM PDT
In force: 3 hr
Issued by: NWS Reno, NV
Area: Storm-based polygon
Flood severity: None

Counties Nevada County, CA, Sierra County, CA

The radar

The Reno radar (KRGX), 78 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 21:17 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this flash flood warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Reno, NV (KREV), launched 12:00Z, 9.3 hours before the alert went out and 181 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 170 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -146 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1898 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 10 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 23 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 138 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

969 
WGUS55 KREV 212116
FFWREV
CAC057-091-220015-
/O.NEW.KREV.FF.W.0052.150721T2116Z-150722T0015Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
FLASH FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RENO NV
216 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN RENO HAS ISSUED A

* FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR...
  NEVADA COUNTY IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA...
  SIERRA COUNTY IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA...

* UNTIL 515 PM PDT
    
* AT 214 PM PDT...DOPPLER RADAR SHOWS THAT SEVERAL NEARLY STATIONARY 
  THUNDERSTORMS HAVE PRODUCED HEAVY RAIN ACROSS THE WARNED AREA. 
  FLASH FLOODING IS OCCURRING OR EXPECTED TO BEGIN SHORTLY ALONG THE 
  LITTLE TRUCKEE RIVER.

* SOME LOCATIONS THAT WILL EXPERIENCE FLOODING INCLUDE...THE LITTLE 
  TRUCKEE RIVER ALONG HIGHWAY 89...AND THE UPPER LITTLE TRUCKEE 
  CAMPGROUND.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

MOST FLOOD DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. NEVER DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO
AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE ROADWAY. FLOOD WATERS ARE USUALLY
DEEPER THAN THEY APPEAR. A FEW INCHES OF FAST FLOWING WATER IS
POWERFUL ENOUGH TO SWEEP VEHICLES OFF THE ROAD.

&&

LAT...LON 3956 12021 3945 12015 3945 12034 3943 12037
      3949 12044 3956 12044

$$

MB

2 follow-up statements

057 
WGUS75 KREV 212216
FFSREV

FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RENO NV
316 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

CAC057-091-220015-
/O.CON.KREV.FF.W.0052.000000T0000Z-150722T0015Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
NEVADA CA-SIERRA CA-
316 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

...THE FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 515 PM PDT FOR
NEVADA AND SIERRA COUNTIES...

AT 315 PM PDT...HEAVY RAIN OF UP TO TWO INCHES HAS FALLEN FROM 
EARLIER THUNDERSTORMS. FLASH FLOODING IS OCCURRING OR EXPECTED TO 
BEGIN SHORTLY.

SOME LOCATIONS THAT WILL EXPERIENCE FLOODING INCLUDE...
UPPER LITTLE TRUCKEE CAMPGROUND.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

THIS IS A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION! RUNOFF WILL QUICKLY FLOOD LOW
LYING AREAS...STREETS...STREAMS...CREEKS...AND RIVERS. MANY ROADWAYS
WILL BE CLOSED DUE TO THE HEAVY RAINFALL AND TRAVEL IS NOT
RECOMMENDED.

MOST FLOOD DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. NEVER DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO
AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE ROADWAY. FLOOD WATERS ARE USUALLY
DEEPER THAN THEY APPEAR. A FEW INCHES OF FAST FLOWING WATER IS
POWERFUL ENOUGH TO SWEEP VEHICLES OFF THE ROAD.

&&

LAT...LON 3956 12021 3945 12015 3945 12034 3943 12037
      3949 12044 3956 12044

$$

JW

237 
WGUS75 KREV 220014
FFSREV

FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RENO NV
514 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

CAC057-091-220022-
/O.EXP.KREV.FF.W.0052.000000T0000Z-150722T0015Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
NEVADA CA-SIERRA CA-
514 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

...THE FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR NEVADA AND SIERRA COUNTIES WILL EXPIRE
AT 515 PM PDT...

THE HEAVY RAIN HAS ENDED...HOWEVER LIGHT SHOWERS WILL CONTINUE 
THROUGH 6 PM.  MOTORISTS SHOULD USE CAUTION AND NOT DRIVE WHERE 
WATER COVERS THE ROAD. ABUNDANT HAIL AND HEAVY RAIN WILL LIKLEY LEAD 
TO DENSE FOG DEVELOPING THIS EVENING AND TONIGHT.

LAT...LON 3956 12021 3945 12015 3945 12034 3943 12037
      3949 12044 3956 12044

$$

BRONG

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Reno, NV wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Jul 21, 1:06 PM PDT, 1 hour 10 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jul 21, 1:06 PM PDT, 1 hour 10 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RENO NV
106 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

.SYNOPSIS...
LOW PRESSURE WILL MOVE THROUGH THE EASTERN SIERRA AND WESTERN
NEVADA WITH SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS CONTINUING THROUGH
WEDNESDAY. THUNDERSTORM THREATS INCLUDE THE POTENTIAL FOR FLASH
FLOODING THIS EVENING WITH A WIND AND HAIL THREAT WEDNESDAY. DRY
SOUTHWEST FLOW ESTABLISHES FROM THURSDAY INTO THE WEEKEND WITH
NEAR AVERAGE TEMPERATURES.

&&

.SHORT TERM...
THE UPPER LOW OFF THE CALIFORNIA COAST IS EXPECTED TO SLOWLY MOVE
THROUGH TONIGHT AND WEDNESDAY AS A TROUGH DEEPENS ALONG THE
PACIFIC NORTHWEST. SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE ONGOING ACROSS
THE SIERRA AND WESTERN NEVADA. THE MAIN THREAT FOR TODAY CONTINUES
TO BE FLASH FLOODING WITH THE VERY MOIST ENVIRONMENT AND SLOW
STORM MOVEMENT. WILL CONTINUE THE FLASH FLOOD WATCH THROUGH 8 PM.
A FEW STORMS WILL ALSO BE CAPABLE OF LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS
AS WE HAVE ALREADY GOTTEN REPORTS OF NICKEL SIZE HAIL FROM LAKE
DAVIS. A FEW STORMS REMAIN POSSIBLE OVERNIGHT IN THE MOIST
AIRMASS THAT COULD BE TRIGGERED BY WEAK WAVES EMBEDDED IN THE
UPPER LEVEL WEST FLOW.

FOR TOMORROW, AS THE TROUGH ALONG THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST DEEPENS
SOUTHWEST FLOW ALOFT WILL INCREASE. THIS NORMALLY PUSHES MOST
STORMS OFF THE CREST, ESPECIALLY AROUND TAHOE AND INTO WESTERN
NEVADA. HOWEVER, THERE IS A DECENT UPPER LEVEL WAVE SHOWING UP
THAT WILL MOVE THROUGH AROUND NOON SO A COUPLE STORMS ALONG THE
CREST REMAIN POSSIBLE IN THE EARLY AFTERNOON BEFORE THE ACTIVITY
PUSHES EAST. CONVERGENCE ALONG THE ZEPHYR AND ALONG WITH THE
BETTER FLOW ALOFT (MORE SHEAR) HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO DRIVE STRONG
IF NOT SEVERE STORMS. THE MAIN THREATS WILL BE STRONG WINDS AND
HAIL. WITH STORMS MOVING AND A LITTLE LESS MOISTURE THE FLASH
FLOOD THREAT WILL BE REDUCED.

DRYING SOUTHWEST FLOW CONTINUES THURSDAY WITH ANOTHER DECENT
ZEPHYR DAY FOR THE AREA. ENOUGH MOISTURE AND INSTABILITY WILL
REMAIN ACROSS MINERAL COUNTY FOR A FEW STORMS IN THE AFTERNOON
WHILE THE REST OF WESTERN NEVADA IS DRY. AFTERNOON WIND GUSTS
WITH THE ZEPHYR WILL BE THE USUAL UP TO 30 MPH. WALLMANN/BOYD

.LONG TERM...FRIDAY THROUGH TUESDAY...
DRY WEST TO SOUTHWEST FLOW ALOFT WILL PREVAIL THROUGH EARLY NEXT
WEEK, THEN RIDGE BEGINS TO EXPAND ACROSS THE GREAT BASIN ON
TUESDAY. TEMPERATURES WILL WARM UP TO NEAR SEASONAL NORMALS BY
THIS WEEKEND, WITH FURTHER WARMING FOR NEXT WEEK.

ON FRIDAY, A WEAK TROUGH MOVING ACROSS SOUTHERN CA MAY PRODUCE SOME
CUMULUS BUILDUPS NEAR THE SIERRA MAINLY SOUTH OF TAHOE. WHILE A FEW
CONVECTIVE CELLS ARE POSSIBLE, CONFIDENCE IS NOT HIGH ENOUGH AT THIS
TIME TO INCLUDE IN THE FORECAST.

OTHERWISE, DRY AND STABLE CONDITIONS WILL PREVAIL THIS WEEKEND WITH
LITTLE TO NO CLOUD COVER, AS A TROUGH MOVES ACROSS THE PACIFIC
NORTHWEST. THIS WILL LIKELY BRING SOME INCREASE IN WINDS MAINLY ON
SUNDAY, WITH POTENTIAL FOR GUSTS AROUND 30 MPH.

THIS TROUGH PASSAGE WILL KEEP DAYTIME HIGHS RELATIVELY STEADY
THROUGH NEXT MONDAY, THEN A WARMING TREND WITH LIGHT WINDS IS
PROJECTED FOR TUESDAY. ABOVE NORMAL TEMPS ARE BECOMING MORE LIKELY
LATER NEXT WEEK WITH TRIPLE DIGIT HEAT POSSIBLE IN LOWER ELEVATIONS.
MJD

&&

.AVIATION...
THERE IS HIGH POTENTIAL FOR THUNDERSTORMS TODAY AT ALL MAIN
TERMINALS (50-60% CHANCE) MAINLY BETWEEN 20Z-03Z. MAIN THREATS
WILL BE LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN PRODUCING REDUCED CIGS/VSBY, MTN
OBSCURATION, AND POSSIBLE OUTFLOW GUSTS TO 40 KTS. MOST CELLS WILL
BE SLOW MOVING, ALTHOUGH SOME CELLS NORTH OF I-80 COULD MOVE
SLIGHTLY FASTER TO THE NORTHEAST.

BY WEDNESDAY, THUNDERSTORM COVERAGE SHIFTS A BIT EAST OF THE TAHOE
BASIN, WITH GREATEST COVERAGE LIKELY IN WEST CENTRAL NV. STRONGER
STORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING SEVERE WIND GUSTS 50+ KT AND HAIL WILL
BE POSSIBLE MAINLY BTWN 2-8 PM. MJD

&&

.REV WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
NV...FLASH FLOOD WATCH UNTIL 8 PM PDT THIS EVENING NVZ001>003.

CA...FLASH FLOOD WATCH UNTIL 8 PM PDT THIS EVENING CAZ072-073.

&&

FOR MORE INFORMATION FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE VISIT...
HTTP://WEATHER.GOV/RENO (ALL LOWER CASE)

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Jul 21, 1:03 PM PDT, 1 hour 13 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RENO NV
103 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

CAZ071-212100-
LASSEN-EASTERN PLUMAS-EASTERN SIERRA COUNTIES CA-
103 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

...THUNDERSTORMS OVER LASSEN COUNTY...

AT 100 PM PDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE
TRACKING STRONG THUNDERSTORMS OVER LASSEN COUNTY FROM LASSEN
NATIONAL PARK TO NORTH OF EAGLE LAKE. THE STORMS ARE MOVING
NORTHEAST AT 10 MPH.

HEAVY RAIN...PENNY TO QUARTER SIZE HAIL AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH
ARE LIKELY WITH THESE STORMS.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
EAGLE LAKE...TERMO...MADELINE...SPAULDING...RAVENDALE...HIGHWAYS
44...139 AND 395.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

DURING A THUNDERSTORM...SEEK SHELTER INSIDE A STURDY STRUCTURE AND
STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS. HIKERS AND CAMPERS SHOULD SEEK SHELTER IN A
VEHICLE IF POSSIBLE. HEAVY RAINFALL WILL RESULT IN PONDING OF WATER.
SLOW DOWN WHEN ENCOUNTERING HEAVY RAIN AND TURN ON YOUR HEADLIGHTS.

&&

LAT...LON 4078 12132 4117 12049 4117 12001 4090 12002
      4047 12123 4054 12123 4054 12126 4058 12126
      4059 12132
TIME...MOT...LOC 2000Z 248DEG 3KT 4065 12100

BRONG

Special weather statement, Jul 21, 1:18 PM PDT, 58 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RENO NV
118 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

NVZ003-212100-
GREATER RENO-CARSON CITY-MINDEN AREA NV-
118 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

...STRONG THUNDERSTORM WITH HEAVY RAIN FORMING OVER VIRGINIA CITY...

AT 117 PM PDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE TRACKING
A STRONG THUNDERSTORM OVER VIRGINIA CITY. THIS STORM WAS NEARLY
STATIONARY.

VERY HEAVY RAINFALL AND WINDS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE
WITH THIS STORM.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE... VIRGINIA CITY...NV 341 AT WASHOE-
STOREY CO LINE AND GOLD HILL.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

HEAVY RAINFALL IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM. EXPECT PONDING OF WATER
ON ROADWAYS. IN AREAS OF STEEP TERRAIN...MINOR ROCK SLIDES ARE
POSSIBLE. DRIVERS SHOULD SLOW DOWN AND TURN ON THEIR HEADLIGHTS IF
ENCOUNTERING HEAVY RAINS.

&&

LAT...LON 3925 11962 3926 11971 3940 11969 3946 11944
TIME...MOT...LOC 2017Z 180DEG 0KT 3931 11964

MB

Local storm report, Jul 21, 1:38 PM PDT, 38 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RENO NV
138 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0137 PM     HAIL             5 WSW PROSSER CREEK RES 39.34N 120.25W
07/21/2015  M1.00 INCH       NEVADA             CA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            TRAINED WEATHER SPOTTER REPORTED QUARTER SIZED HAIL AND
            VERY HEAVY RAINFALL. SPOTTER OBSERVED 0.40 INCHES OF
            RAINALL IN LESS THAN 10 MINUTES.

&&

MCGUIRE

Special weather statement, Jul 21, 1:50 PM PDT, 26 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RENO NV
150 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

CAZ071-212130-
LASSEN-EASTERN PLUMAS-EASTERN SIERRA COUNTIES CA-
150 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

...HEAVY RAIN NEAR JUNCTION OF HIGHWAYS 49 AND 70...

AT 147 PM PDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE TRACKING
A STRONG THUNDERSTORM OVER VINTON...OR NEAR CHILCOOT...MOVING
NORTHEAST AT 5 TO 10 MPH.

HEAVY RAIN...HALF INCH HAIL AND WINDS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH ARE
OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
CHILCOOT...VINTON...CHILCOOT-VINTON...HALLELUJAH
JUNCTION...FRENCHMAN LAKE...BIG COVE CAMPGROUND...FRENCHMAN
CAMPGROUND...SPRING CREEK CAMPGROUND AND CHILCOOT CAMPGROUND.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

THIS STORM WILL AFFECT TRAVELERS ON HIGHWAYS 49 NORTH OF LOYALTON
AND HIGHWAY 70 BETWEEN HALLELUJAH JUNCTION AND BACKWOURTH. DRIVERS
SHOULD EXPECT STRONG GUSTY CROSS WINDS...WITH RAPID VISIBILITY
REDUCTIONS. HEAVY RAINFALL WILL RESULT IN PONDING OF WATER. SLOW
DOWN WHEN ENCOUNTERING HEAVY RAIN AND TURN ON YOUR HEADLIGHTS.

THOSE ON AND NEAR FRENCHMAN LAKE SHOULD SEEK SHELTER IMMEDIATELY.

&&

LAT...LON 3965 12019 3979 12035 3996 12017 3978 12001
TIME...MOT...LOC 2047Z 227DEG 8KT 3978 12021

BRONG

Local storm report, Jul 21, 2:00 PM PDT, 16 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RENO NV
200 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0200 PM     HAIL             2 W TRUCKEE             39.33N 120.24W
07/21/2015  U0.25 INCH       NEVADA             CA   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY PATROL REPORTED HEAVY HAIL NEAR
            INTERSTATE 80.

&&

MCGUIRE

Local storm report, Jul 21, 2:07 PM PDT, 9 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RENO NV
207 PM PDT TUE JUL 21 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0207 PM     HAIL             2 W TRUCKEE             39.33N 120.24W
07/21/2015  M0.25 INCH       NEVADA             CA   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY PATROL REPORTED 3 INCHES OF HAIL
            COVERING INTERSTATE 80 NEAR DONNER SUMMIT.

&&

MCGUIRE

The office that day

Everything else NWS Reno, NV issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Jul 21, 6:16 AM PDT	Flash Flood Watch	REV	Alpine, El Dorado, Mono, Nevada, Placer	12 hr
Jul 21, 11:19 AM PDT	Special Weather Statement	REV	Alpine, Mono	56 min
Jul 21, 12:31 PM PDT	Special Weather Statement	REV	Sierra	44 min
Jul 21, 12:51 PM PDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	REV	Alpine, El Dorado	39 min
Jul 21, 1:02 PM PDT	Areal Flood Advisory	REV	Sierra	118 min
Jul 21, 1:03 PM PDT	Special Weather Statement	REV	Lassen	57 min
Jul 21, 1:12 PM PDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	REV	Nevada, Placer	48 min
Jul 21, 1:42 PM PDT	Flash Flood Warning	REV	Nevada, Placer, Sierra	3 hr
Jul 21, 1:50 PM PDT	Special Weather Statement	REV	Sierra	40 min
Jul 21, 1:58 PM PDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	REV	Nevada, Placer	47 min
Jul 21, 2:54 PM PDT	Special Weather Statement	REV	Lassen	36 min
Jul 21, 3:02 PM PDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	REV	Plumas	28 min
Jul 21, 3:21 PM PDT	Areal Flood Advisory	REV	Plumas	3 hr
Jul 21, 3:36 PM PDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	REV	Lassen, Plumas	54 min
Jul 21, 3:46 PM PDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	REV	El Dorado, Placer	44 min
Jul 21, 4:43 PM PDT	Special Weather Statement	REV	Lassen	47 min

Nearby

Flash Flood Warnings in California, 2015 Every flash flood warning in 2015

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.